The expanded compositional freedom afforded by high-entropy alloys (HEAs) represents a unique opportunity for the design of alloys for advanced nuclear applications, in particular for applications where current engineering alloys fall short. This review assesses the work done to date in the field of HEAs for nuclear applications, provides critical insight into the conclusions drawn, and highlights possibilities and challenges for future study. It is found that our understanding of the irradiation responses of HEAs remains in its infancy, and much work is needed in order for our knowledge of any single HEA system to match our understanding of conventional alloys such as austenitic steels. A number of studies have suggested that HEAs possess `special' irradiation damage resistance, although some of the proposed mechanisms, such as those based on sluggish diffusion and lattice distortion, remain somewhat unconvincing (certainly in terms of being universally applicable to all HEAs). Nevertheless, there may be some mechanisms and effects that are uniquely different in HEAs when compared to more conventional alloys, such as the effect that their poor thermal conductivities have on the displacement cascade. Furthermore, the opportunity to tune the compositions of HEAs over a large range to optimise particular irradiation responses could be very powerful, even if the design process remains challenging.

中文翻译：

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用于先进核应用的高熵合金

高熵合金 (HEAs) 提供的更大的成分自由度为设计用于先进核应用的合金提供了独特的机会，特别是对于当前工程合金不足的应用。这篇综述评估了迄今为止在核应用 HEA 领域所做的工作，提供了对得出的结论的重要见解，并强调了未来研究的可能性和挑战。发现我们对 HEA 辐照响应的理解仍处于起步阶段，需要做很多工作才能使我们对任何单一 HEA 系统的了解与我们对传统合金（如奥氏体钢）的理解相匹配。许多研究表明，HEAs 具有“特殊”的抗辐照损伤能力，尽管一些建议的机制，例如基于缓慢扩散和晶格畸变的那些，仍然有些不令人信服（当然就普遍适用于所有 HEA 而言）。尽管如此，与更传统的合金相比，HEA 中可能存在一些独特的不同机制和效果，例如其较差的热导率对位移级联的影响。此外，即使设计过程仍然具有挑战性，在大范围内调整 HEA 的成分以优化特定辐射响应的机会也可能非常强大。例如它们的不良热导率对位移级联的影响。此外，即使设计过程仍然具有挑战性，在大范围内调整 HEA 的成分以优化特定辐射响应的机会也可能非常强大。例如它们的不良热导率对位移级联的影响。此外，即使设计过程仍然具有挑战性，在大范围内调整 HEA 的成分以优化特定辐射响应的机会也可能非常强大。