This paper describes a comprehensive analysis of a hybrid energy system (HES) when satisfying the load demand of an off-grid, rural and hilly community in Bangladesh. Different combinations of HES, such as PV/Pump-hydro storage (PHS), Diesel/PHS, and PV/Diesel/Battery, are formulated, analysed, and compared using hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) software. The system configurations, together with the size and selection of system components, are suitably modelled and optimised with the least cost of energy (COE), net present cost (NPC), and CO₂ emissions. In addition, to illustrate the adaptability and the economic benefits of the studied systems, the scalability of the system is evaluated by changing the load demand and the size of the generator. The study is further extended to include a sensitivity analysis on the uncertain parameters in connection with the climatic data and hardware components. Results indicate that the cost of energy for a pumped HES with a single diesel generator is higher (0.27$/kWh) than that with two small generators (0.24$/kWh. The energy cost for the optimised PV/Diesel/PHS system (0.27$/kWh) is found to be significantly lower than those of both PV/PHS (0.43$/kWh) and Diesel/PHS (0.41$/kWh) options. This research identifies that the PV/Diesel/PHS system is more cost-effective than the PV/Diesel/Battery-based hybrid system, with cost of energy at 0.34$/kWh. Results indicate that the genetic algorithm (GA) method provides cost effective and sustainable solution than the HOMER software tool.

本文描述了满足孟加拉国离网，农村和丘陵社区负荷需求时的混合能源系统（HES）的综合分析。使用多种能源的混合优化（HOMER）软件来配制，分析和比较HES的不同组合，例如PV / Pump-hydro Storage（PHS），Diesel / PHS和PV / Diesel / Battery。使用最小的能源成本（COE），净现值（NPC）和CO ₂对系统配置以及系统组件的大小和选择进行了适当的建模和优化。排放。另外，为了说明所研究系统的适应性和经济效益，通过改变负载需求和发电机尺寸来评估系统的可扩展性。该研究进一步扩展到包括对与气候数据和硬件组件有关的不确定参数的敏感性分析。结果表明，采用单台柴油发电机的抽水式HES的能源成本（0.27 $ / kWh）比采用两台小型发电机的抽水式HES的能源成本（0.24 $ / kWh）高。优化的PV / Diesel / PHS系统的能源成本（0.27） $ / kWh）明显低于PV / PHS（0.43 $ / kWh）和Diesel / PHS（0.41 $ / kWh）两种选择，这项研究表明PV / Diesel / PHS系统的成本更高-比基于PV / Diesel / Battery的混合系统更有效，能源成本为0.34 $ / kWh。