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Population decline in the Critically Endangered Musschia isambertoi (Campanulaceae) endemic to Desertas Islands (Madeira Archipelago) calls for urgent conservation management
Journal for Nature Conservation ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.125955
M. Menezes de Sequeira , R. Jardim , M. Gouveia , C.A. Góis-Marques , W.M.M. Eddie

Macaronesian islands display a high degree of plant endemicity and correspond to some of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots due to several human driven impacts such as habitat loss, invasive species, overexploitation or climate change. The conservation status of the largest of the two known population of Musschia isambertoi M. Seq., R. Jardim, Magda Silva and L. Carvalho (Campanulaceae) was assessed recently. Field work was done in June 2018 in “Porto das Moças” Deserta Grande (Madeira Archipelago, Portugal), the locus typicus, where in 2006 close to 30 plants were detected with a high variation of age/size between individuals comprising both fully flowering and non-flowering adult plants as well as seedlings, and thus corresponding to a healthy population. This study assesses population size, age and plant size, and genetic, as well as floristic diversity. The total area of the site corresponds to approximately 1500 square meters. Ten individuals were detected, all corresponding to young seedlings not exceeding 15 cm high, and exhibiting approximately the same size and numbers of leaves (4–8). No adult plants or remains of adult plants were seen. Ecological data and direct herbivory evidence suggest that perennial plants are subjected to elimination during the short summer by the feral goat population. Molecular data based on ISSR markers show that the nine sampled individuals (out of ten individuals found) are genetically identical, possibly resulting from one parental plant. Results clearly suggest that Musschia isambertoi is very close to extinction. Urgent conservation measures are imperative and should include the immediate fencing of the population followed by the elimination of feral goats from Deserta Grande. The elimination of feral goats was initiated in 1996 (LIFE95 NAT/P/000125, 383,467.00 €) but stopped due to inappropriate conservation policies of the former Services of the Natural Park of Madeira.



中文翻译:

沙漠地带(马德拉群岛)特有的极度濒临灭绝的Musschia isambertoi(Campanulaceae)的种群减少,需要紧急的养护管理

马卡罗尼西亚群岛的植物特有度很高,由于一些人类驱动的影响(例如栖息地丧失,入侵物种,过度开发或气候变化),对应着一些最受威胁的生物多样性热点。最近评估了两个已知的Musschia isambertoi M. Seq。,R。Jardim,Magda Silva和L. Carvalho(桔梗科)中最大的种群的保护状况。现场工作于2018年6月在“ Porto dasMoças” Deserta Grande(葡萄牙马德拉群岛)的典型地点进行,在2006年,在包括完全开花和不开花的成年植物以及幼苗的个体之间,检测到近30种年龄/大小差异很大的植物,因此对应于一个健康的种群。这项研究评估了种群大小,年龄和植物大小,遗传以及植物多样性。该场地的总面积约为1500平方米。检测到10个个体,所有个体均对应于不超过15厘米高的幼苗,并且叶片的大小和数量大致相同(4-8)。没有看到成年植物或成年植物的残骸。生态数据和直接的食草证据表明,在短夏期间,野生山羊种群对多年生植物进行了清除。基于ISSR标记的分子数据显示,九个采样个体(发现的十个个体中)在遗传上是相同的,可能是由一种亲本植物引起的。结果清楚地表明Isambertoi的Musschia濒临灭绝。紧急的保护措施势在必行,其中应包括对居民进行围栏,然后从大沙漠中淘汰野山羊。野山羊的消灭始于1996年(LIFE95 NAT / P / 000125,383,467.00€),但由于马德拉自然公园前服务部门的不当保护政策而停止。

更新日期:2021-01-22
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