Perforin and granzymes are essential components of the cytotoxic granules present in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. These proteins play a crucial role in a variety of conditions, including viral infections, tumor immune surveillance, and tissue rejection. Besides their beneficial effect in most of these situations, perforin and granzymes have also been associated with tissue damage and immune diseases. Moreover, it has been reported that perforin and granzymes released during viral infections could contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases. In this review, we summarize the information available on human perforin and granzymes and their relationship with neurological infections and immune disorders. Furthermore, we compare this information with that available for bovine and present data on perforin and granzymes expression in cattle infected with bovine alphaherpesvirus types1 and -5. To our knowledge, this is the first review analyzing the impact of perforin and granzymes on neurological infections caused by bovine herpesviruses.

穿孔素和颗粒酶是细胞毒性T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞中存在的细胞毒性颗粒的基本成分。这些蛋白质在包括病毒感染，肿瘤免疫监视和组织排斥在内的各种疾病中起着至关重要的作用。穿孔素和颗粒酶除了在大多数情况下具有有益作用外，还与组织损伤和免疫疾病有关。此外，据报道，在病毒感染期间释放的穿孔素和颗粒酶可能与疾病的发病机理有关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关人穿孔素和颗粒酶及其与神经系统感染和免疫疾病之间关系的信息。此外，我们将该信息与可用于牛的信息进行了比较，并提供了感染牛α疱疹病毒1型和-5型牛的穿孔素和颗粒酶表达的数据。据我们所知，这是首次分析穿孔素和颗粒酶对牛疱疹病毒引起的神经系统感染的影响的综述。