This study characterizes the hygroscopic and chemical nature of aerosols originating from ten locations (4 outdoors and 6 indoors) around the Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) iron ore mine (Iran), including an assessment of how hygroscopic growth alters particulate deposition in the respiratory system. Aerosols collected on filters in three diameter (D_p) ranges (total suspended particulates [TSP], D_p ≤ 10 μm [PM₁₀], and D_p ≤ 2.5 μm [PM_2.5]) were analyzed for chemical and hygroscopic characteristics. The water-soluble aerosol composition is dominated by species associated with directly emitted crustal matter such as chloride, sodium, calcium, and sulfate. There was minimal contribution from organic acids and other secondarily formed species such as inorganic salts. Aerosol growth factors at 90% relative humidity varied between 1.39 and 1.72 and exceed values reported for copper mines in the United States where similar data are available. Values of the hygroscopicity parameter kappa (0.19–0.45) were best related to the mass fraction of chloride among all the studied species. Kappa values were generally similar when comparing the three types of samples (TSP, PM_2.5, PM₁₀) at each site and also when comparing each of the ten sampling sites. Accounting for hygroscopic growth yields an increase in the deposition fraction for aerosols with a dry D_p between 0.2 and 2 μm based on International Commission on Radiological Protection model calculations, with more variability when examining each of the three individual head airway regions.

本研究描述了源自 Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) 铁矿（伊朗）周围 10 个地点（4 个室外和 6 个室内）的气溶胶的吸湿性和化学性质，包括评估吸湿性增长如何改变颗粒沉积呼吸系统。_{在三个直径 (D p} ) 范围内（总悬浮颗粒物 [TSP]、D _p  ≤ 10 μm [PM ₁₀ ] 和 D _p  ≤ 2.5 μm [PM _2.5 ）的过滤器上收集的气溶胶]) 进行化学和吸湿特性分析。水溶性气溶胶成分主要由与直接排放的地壳物质相关的物质组成，例如氯化物、钠、钙和硫酸盐。有机酸和其他次生形成的物质如无机盐的贡献最小。相对湿度为 90% 时的气溶胶生长因子在 1.39 和 1.72 之间变化，超过了美国铜矿报告的值，那里有类似的数据。吸湿性参数 kappa (0.19-0.45) 的值与所有研究物种中氯化物的质量分数最相关。比较三种类型的样品（TSP、PM _2.5、PM _{10 ）时，Kappa 值通常相似}) 在每个站点以及在比较十个采样站点中的每个站点时。根据国际放射防护委员会模型计算，考虑到吸湿性增长，干 D _{p在 0.2 到 2 μm 之间的气溶胶的沉积分数增加，在检查三个单独的头部气道区域中的每一个时具有更大的可变性。}