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On the way to systematize habituation: a protocol to minimize the effects of observer presence on wild groups of Leontocebus lagonotus
Primates ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00877-4
Sara Vicente-Alonso 1 , Lidia Sánchez-Sánchez 1 , Sara Álvarez Solas 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Habituation is used in most field research with primates to minimize observer effects on their behavior. Despite its importance, there is little published on the methods used to habituate different taxa of primates or how these methods vary in different habitat types. We assessed changes in behavior and space use of two groups of Leontocebus lagonotus in the Ecuadorian Amazon in order to document this process. Although the subjects had not been studied before, visitors and researchers were more frequently in the home range of Group 1 than of Group 2. We followed both groups for 2 months, collecting behavioral data through scan sampling and recording the use of space (ground, understory, subcanopy, and canopy) and the routes along which we followed the groups. We then divided our data into two equivalent stages, randomized the data for each stage and looked for significant differences using Wilcoxon tests. Our results show a significant decrease in submissive behaviors toward the observer for both groups and a significant increase in resting and foraging for Group 1. In addition, Group 2 used the subcanopy significantly less and the understory more during the second stage. The routes the animals used were significantly longer in the second stage for Group 1, but not for Group 2. We conclude that our methodology is adequate to advance in the habituation of L. lagonotus in less than 2 months and that a group will habituate more quickly if it has had some previous neutral exposure to humans.

中文翻译:

在系统化习惯化的道路上:最大限度地减少观察者存在对 Leontocebus lagonotus 野生群体的影响的协议

习惯用于灵长类动物的大多数实地研究,以尽量减少观察者对其行为的影响。尽管它很重要,但很少有关于用于使灵长类动物的不同分类群习以为常的方法或这些方法在不同栖息地类型中有何不同的发表。我们评估了厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区两组 Leontocebus lagonotus 的行为和空间使用变化,以记录这一过程。尽管之前没有研究过这些对象,但与第 2 组相比,访客和研究人员更频繁地在第 1 组的家庭范围内。我们对两组进行了为期 2 个月的跟踪,通过扫描采样收集行为数据并记录空间(地面、林下、副树冠和树冠)以及我们跟随小组的路线。然后我们将我们的数据分成两个等效的阶段,将每个阶段的数据随机化,并使用 Wilcoxon 检验寻找显着差异。我们的结果显示,两组对观察者的顺从行为显着减少,组 1 的休息和觅食显着增加。此外,在第二阶段,组 2 使用副冠层显着减少,使用林下植物更多。动物使用的路线在第 1 组的第二阶段明显更长,但对于第 2 组则不然。我们得出的结论是,我们的方法足以在不到 2 个月的时间内促进 L. lagonotus 的适应,并且一个组将适应更多如果它之前对人类有过一些中性暴露,则很快。我们的结果显示,两组对观察者的顺从行为显着减少,组 1 的休息和觅食显着增加。此外,在第二阶段,组 2 使用副冠层显着减少,使用林下植物更多。动物使用的路线在第 1 组的第二阶段明显更长,但对于第 2 组则不然。我们得出的结论是,我们的方法足以在不到 2 个月的时间内促进 L. lagonotus 的适应,并且一个组将适应更多如果它之前对人类有过一些中性暴露,则很快。我们的结果显示,两组对观察者的顺从行为显着减少,组 1 的休息和觅食显着增加。此外,在第二阶段,组 2 使用副冠层显着减少,使用林下植物更多。动物使用的路线在第 1 组的第二阶段明显更长,但对于第 2 组则不然。我们得出的结论是,我们的方法足以在不到 2 个月的时间内促进 L. lagonotus 的适应,并且一个组将适应更多如果它之前对人类有过一些中性暴露,则很快。
更新日期:2021-01-11
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