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Elevated turbulent and double-diffusive nutrient flux in the Kuroshio over the Izu Ridge and in the Kuroshio Extension
Journal of Oceanography ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10872-020-00582-2
Takeyoshi Nagai , Gandy Maria Rosales Quintana , Gloria Silvana Durán Gómez , Fuminori Hashihama , Kosei Komatsu

While the Kuroshio is known to be a nutrient stream, as these nutrients are in dark subsurface layers, they are not immediately available for photosynthesis unless they are supplied to the sunlit surface layers. Recent microstructure observations have revealed that strong diapycnal mixing caused by the Kuroshio flowing over topographic features and double diffusion in the subsurface layers of the Kuroshio. However, it is still unclear how much nutrient flux can be provided by these microscale mixing processes. In this study, using an autonomous microstructure float and nutrient samplings, nutrient flux caused by the Kuroshio over the Izu Ridge, and that caused by double diffusion in the Kuroshio Extension are quantified. The nitrate diffusive flux is estimated to be $$>1 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N}\,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{-1}$$ > 1 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 over a distance, 20–30 km near the Izu Ridge and $$>0.1 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N}\, \hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{-1}$$ > 0.1 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 , which persists further downstream direction over 100 km along the Kuroshio, increasing the subsurface chlorophyll-a concentration in the region 200 km downstream. The double-diffusion-induced nitrate flux is estimated to be 1- $$10 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N} \,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{-1}$$ 10 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 in the pycnostad 26– $$26.5\,\hbox {kgm}^{-3}$$ 26.5 kgm - 3 of the Kuroshio Extension, suggesting that whether this double-diffusion-induced nutrient flux in the subsurface layers can ultimately contribute to surface primary production depends on additional eddy up- and northward fluxes.

中文翻译:

伊豆海脊上空黑潮和黑潮延伸部分的湍流和双扩散养分通量升高

虽然已知黑潮是一种营养流,但由于这些营养物质位于黑暗的地下层,除非它们被提供给阳光照射的表层,否则它们不会立即用于光合作用。最近的微观结构观察表明,由黑潮流过地形特征和黑潮地下层的双重扩散引起的强烈的渗流混合。然而,目前尚不清楚这些微尺度混合过程可以提供多少养分通量。在这项研究中,使用自主微结构漂浮和养分采样,量化了伊豆海脊上由黑潮引起的养分通量,以及由黑潮延伸部的双重扩散引起的养分通量。硝酸盐扩散通量估计为 $$>1 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N}\,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{-1}$$ > 1 mmol N·m - 2 天 - 1 次,距离伊豆岭附近 20-30 公里,$$>0.1 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N}\, \hbox {m}^{- 2}\hbox {day}^{-1}$$ > 0.1 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 ,沿黑潮继续向下游进一步超过 100 公里,增加了下游 200 公里区域的地下叶绿素 a 浓度. 双扩散引起的硝酸盐通量估计为 1- $$10 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N} \,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{- 1}$$ 10 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 in the pycnostad 26– $$26.5\,\hbox {kgm}^{-3}$$ 26.5 kgm - 3的Kuroshio Extension,表明是否这种双扩散地下层中诱导的养分通量最终有助于地表初级生产取决于额外的向上和向北的涡流通量。\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N}\, \hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{-1}$$ > 0.1 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 ,这进一步持续沿黑潮向下游方向超过 100 公里,增加了下游 200 公里区域的地下叶绿素 a 浓度。双扩散引起的硝酸盐通量估计为 1- $$10 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N} \,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{- 1}$$ 10 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 in the pycnostad 26– $$26.5\,\hbox {kgm}^{-3}$$ 26.5 kgm - 3的Kuroshio Extension,表明是否这种双扩散地下层中诱导的养分通量最终有助于地表初级生产取决于额外的向上和向北的涡流通量。\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N}\, \hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{-1}$$ > 0.1 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 ,这进一步持续沿黑潮向下游方向超过 100 公里,增加了下游 200 公里区域的地下叶绿素 a 浓度。双扩散引起的硝酸盐通量估计为 1- $$10 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N} \,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{- 1}$$ 10 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 in the pycnostad 26– $$26.5\,\hbox {kgm}^{-3}$$ 26.5 kgm - 3的Kuroshio Extension,表明是否这种双扩散地下层中诱导的养分通量最终有助于地表初级生产取决于额外的向上和向北的涡流通量。沿着黑潮继续向下游进一步延伸超过 100 公里,增加了下游 200 公里区域的地下叶绿素 a 浓度。双扩散引起的硝酸盐通量估计为 1- $$10 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N} \,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{- 1}$$ 10 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 in the pycnostad 26– $$26.5\,\hbox {kgm}^{-3}$$ 26.5 kgm - 3的Kuroshio Extension,表明是否这种双扩散地下层中诱导的养分通量最终有助于地表初级生产取决于额外的向上和向北的涡流通量。沿着黑潮继续向下游进一步延伸超过 100 公里,增加了下游 200 公里区域的地下叶绿素 a 浓度。双扩散引起的硝酸盐通量估计为 1- $$10 \,\hbox {mmol} \,\hbox {N} \,\hbox {m}^{-2}\hbox {day}^{- 1}$$ 10 mmol N m - 2 day - 1 in the pycnostad 26– $$26.5\,\hbox {kgm}^{-3}$$ 26.5 kgm - 3的Kuroshio Extension,表明是否这种双扩散地下层中诱导的养分通量最终有助于地表初级生产取决于额外的向上和向北的涡流通量。
更新日期:2021-01-11
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