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Current status on the biodegradability of acrylic polymers: microorganisms, enzymes and metabolic pathways involved
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11073-1
Itzel Gaytán , Manuel Burelo , Herminia Loza-Tavera

Abstract

Acrylic polymers (AP) are a diverse group of materials with broad applications, frequent use, and increasing demand. Some of the most used AP are polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylates, and polyacrylonitrile. Although no information for the production of all AP types is published, data for the most used AP is around 9 MT/year, which gives an idea of the amount of waste that can be generated after products’ lifecycles. After its lifecycle ends, the fate of an AP product will depend on its chemical structure, the environmental setting where it was used, and the regulations for plastic waste management existing in the different countries. Even though recycling is the best fate for plastic polymer wastes, few AP can be recycled, and most of them end up in landfills. Because of the pollution crisis the planet is immersed, setting regulations and developing technological strategies for plastic waste management are urgent. In this regard, biotechnological approaches, where microbial activity is involved, could be attractive eco-friendly strategies. This mini-review describes the broad AP diversity, their properties and uses, and the factors affecting their biodegradability, underlining the importance of standardizing biodegradation quantification techniques. We also describe the enzymes and metabolic pathways that microorganisms display to attack AP chemical structure and predict some biochemical reactions that could account for quaternary carbon-containing AP biodegradation. Finally, we analyze strategies to increase AP biodegradability and stress the need for more studies on AP biodegradation and developing stricter legislation for AP use and waste control.

Key points

Acrylic polymers (AP) are a diverse and extensively used group of compounds.

The environmental fates and health effects of AP waste are not completely known.

Microorganisms and enzymes involved in AP degradation have been identified.

More biodegradation studies are needed to develop AP biotechnological treatments.



中文翻译:

丙烯酸类聚合物的生物降解性现状:涉及的微生物,酶和代谢途径

摘要

丙烯酸聚合物(AP)是具有广泛应用,频繁使用和不断增长的需求的多种材料。一些最常用的AP是聚丙烯酰胺,聚丙烯酸,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚丙烯腈。尽管没有发布有关所有AP类型的生产的信息,但是最常用的AP的数据大约为9 MT /年,这使您可以了解产品生命周期后可能产生的废物量。生命周期结束后,AP产品的命运将取决于其化学结构,使用该产品的环境设置以及不同国家/地区现有的塑料废物管理法规。尽管回收对于塑料聚合物废物而言是最好的选择,但几乎没有AP可以回收,而且大部分都被填埋了。由于污染危机,地球沉没了,制定法规和制定塑料废物管理技术战略非常紧迫。在这方面,涉及微生物活动的生物技术方法可能是有吸引力的生态友好战略。这份小型回顾介绍了AP广泛的多样性,它们的性质和用途以及影响其生物降解性的因素,强调了标准化生物降解定量技术的重要性。我们还描述了微生物展示的攻击酶的化学结构的酶和代谢途径,并预测了一些可能导致季碳的AP生物降解的生化反应。最后,我们分析了提高AP生物降解性的策略,并强调需要对AP生物降解进行更多研究,并制定更严格的AP使用和废物控制法规。

关键点

丙烯酸聚合物(AP)是种类繁多且用途广泛的化合物。

AP废物的环境命运和健康影响尚不完全清楚。

已鉴定出与AP降解有关的微生物和酶。

需要更多的生物降解研究来开发AP生物技术治疗方法。

更新日期:2021-01-11
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