Abstract

Psychrophiles are cold-living microorganisms synthesizing enzymes that are permanently active at almost near-zero temperatures. Psychrozymes are supposed to be structurally more flexible than their homologous proteins. This structural flexibility enables these proteins to undergo conformational changes during catalysis and improve catalytic efficiency at low temperatures. The outstanding characteristics of the psychrophilic enzymes have attracted the attention of the scientific community to utilize them in a wide variety of industrial and pharmaceutical applications. In this review, we first highlight the current knowledge of the cold-adaptation mechanisms of the psychrophiles. In the sequel, we describe the potential applications of the enzymes in different biotechnological processes specifically, in the production of industrial and pharmaceutical products.

Key points

• Methods that organisms have evolved to survive and proliferate at cold environments.

• The economic benefits due to their high activity at low and moderate temperatures.

• Applications of the psychrophiles in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry.

中文翻译：

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嗜冷酶：结构适应，制药和工业应用

摘要

嗜冷菌是合成酶的冷活微生物，这些酶在几乎接近零的温度下具有永久活性。人们认为，心理酶比同源蛋白在结构上更具灵活性。这种结构上的灵活性使这些蛋白质能够在催化过程中发生构象变化，并提高低温下的催化效率。嗜冷酶的杰出特性吸引了科学界的关注，以将其用于多种工业和制药应用中。在本文中，我们首先重点介绍了嗜冷菌的冷适应机制的最新知识。在续篇中，我们具体描述了酶在不同生物技术过程中的潜在应用，

关键点

•生物进化为在寒冷环境中生存和增殖的方法。

•由于它们在低温和中温下的高活性而带来的经济利益。

•嗜冷菌在生物技术和制药行业中的应用。