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Evidence for decreased parasympathetic response to a novel peer interaction in older children with autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 , DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09354-x
Rachael A Muscatello 1, 2 , Simon N Vandekar 3 , Blythe A Corbett 2, 4, 5
Affiliation  

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience elevated stress during social interactions and may have difficulty forming and maintaining peer relationships. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) directs physiological changes in the body in response to a number of environmental stimuli, including social encounters. Evidence suggests the flexibility of the ANS response is an important driving factor in shaping social behavior. For youth with ASD, increased stress response and/or atypical ANS regulation to benign social encounters may therefore influence social behaviors, and, along with developmental and experiential factors, shape psychological outcomes. The current study measured ANS response to a peer-based social interaction paradigm in 50 typically developing (TD) children and 50 children with ASD (ages 10–13). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a cardiac measure of parasympathetic influence on the heart, and pre-ejection period (PEP), a sympathetic indicator, were collected. Participants engaged in a friendly, face-to-face conversation with a novel, same-aged peer, and physiological data were collected continuously before and during the interaction. Participants also reported on state anxiety following the interaction, while parents reported on the child’s social functioning and number of social difficulties. Linear mixed models revealed that, while there were no diagnostic effects for RSA or PEP, older youth with ASD appeared to demonstrate a blunted parasympathetic (RSA) response. Further, increased severity of parent-reported social symptoms was associated with lower RSA. Youth with ASD reported more anxiety following the interaction; however, symptoms were not related to RSA or PEP response based on linear mixed modeling. Physiological regulation, age, and social functioning likely influence stress responses to peer interactions for youth with ASD. Parasympathetic functioning, as opposed to sympathetic arousal, may be especially important in behavioral regulation, as older youth with ASD demonstrated atypical regulation and response to the social interaction paradigm. Future studies should help to further elucidate the developmental factors contributing to stress responses in ASD, the impact of physiological response on observable social behavior, and potential long-term consequences of chronic social stress in youth with ASD.

中文翻译:

年龄较大的自闭症谱系障碍儿童对新的同伴互动减少副交感神经反应的证据:病例对照研究

患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的人在社交互动中经常经历压力升高,并且可能难以形成和维持同伴关系。自主神经系统 (ANS) 指导身体的生理变化,以响应许多环境刺激,包括社交活动。有证据表明,ANS 反应的灵活性是塑造社会行为的重要驱动因素。因此,对于患有 ASD 的青少年来说,对良性社会交往的压力反应和/或非典型 ANS 调节可能会影响社会行为,并与发育和经验因素一起影响心理结果。目前的研究测量了 50 名正常发育 (TD) 儿童和 50 名 ASD 儿童(10-13 岁)对基于同伴的社交互动范式的 ANS 反应。呼吸性窦性心律失常 (RSA) 是衡量副交感神经对心脏影响的心脏指标,以及射血前期 (PEP) 是一种交感神经指标。参与者与一位新奇的同龄同伴进行友好的面对面对话,并在互动之前和互动期间不断收集生理数据。参与者还报告了互动后的状态焦虑,而父母则报告了孩子的社交功能和社交困难的数量。线性混合模型显示,虽然 RSA 或 PEP 没有诊断效果,但患有 ASD 的年长青年似乎表现出副交感神经 (RSA) 反应迟钝。此外,父母报告的社会症状的严重程度增加与较低的 RSA 相关。患有 ASD 的青少年在互动后报告了更多的焦虑;然而,基于线性混合模型,症状与 RSA 或 PEP 反应无关。生理调节、年龄和社会功能可能会影响 ASD 青少年对同伴互动的压力反应。与交感神经兴奋相反,副交感神经功能在行为调节中可能特别重要,因为患有 ASD 的老年青年表现出对社会互动范式的非典型调节和反应。未来的研究应有助于进一步阐明导致 ASD 压力反应的发育因素、生理反应对可观察到的社会行为的影响,以及 ASD 青少年慢性社会压力的潜在长期后果。和社会功能可能会影响 ASD 青少年对同伴互动的压力反应。与交感神经兴奋相反,副交感神经功能在行为调节中可能特别重要,因为患有 ASD 的老年青年表现出对社会互动范式的非典型调节和反应。未来的研究应有助于进一步阐明导致 ASD 压力反应的发育因素、生理反应对可观察到的社会行为的影响,以及 ASD 青少年慢性社会压力的潜在长期后果。和社会功能可能会影响 ASD 青少年对同伴互动的压力反应。与交感神经兴奋相反,副交感神经功能在行为调节中可能特别重要,因为患有 ASD 的老年青年表现出对社会互动范式的非典型调节和反应。未来的研究应有助于进一步阐明导致 ASD 压力反应的发育因素、生理反应对可观察到的社会行为的影响,以及 ASD 青少年慢性社会压力的潜在长期后果。
更新日期:2021-01-10
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