Bovine mastitis is a prototypic emerging and reemerging bacterial disease that results in cut-by-cut torture to animals, public health and the global economy. Pathogenic microbes causing mastitis have overcome a series of hierarchical barriers resulting in the zoonotic transmission from bovines to humans either by proximity or remotely through milk and meat. The disease control is challenging and has been attributed to faulty surveillance systems to monitor their emergence at the human–animal interface. The complex interaction between the pathogens, the hidden pathobionts and commensals of the bovine mammary gland that create a menace during mastitis remains unexplored. Here, we review the zoonotic potential of these pathogens with a primary focus on understanding the interplay between the host immunity, mammary ecology and the shift from symbiosis to dysbiosis. We also address the pros and cons of the current management strategies and the extent of the success in implementing the One-Health approach to keep these pathogens at bay.

中文翻译：

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乳腺微生物失调导致牛乳腺炎的人畜共患病：一个健康的观点

牛乳腺炎是一种典型的新出现和重新出现的细菌性疾病，导致对动物、公共卫生和全球经济的逐一折磨。引起乳腺炎的病原微生物已经克服了一系列等级障碍，导致人畜共患病通过牛奶和肉类通过近距离或远距离从牛传播到人类。疾病控制具有挑战性，并归因于有缺陷的监测系统，以监测它们在人与动物界面的出现。在乳腺炎期间造成威胁的病原体、隐藏的病原体和牛乳腺的共生体之间的复杂相互作用仍未得到探索。在这里，我们回顾了这些病原体的人畜共患病潜力，主要侧重于了解宿主免疫之间的相互作用，乳腺生态学和从共生到生态失调的转变。我们还讨论了当前管理策略的利弊，以及实施 One-Health 方法以阻止这些病原体的成功程度。