Noise pollution is an underappreciated component of global environmental change and can impact species that have a strong reliance on acoustic communication. In urban areas, traffic noise can interfere with the ability of animals to communicate and complete essential aspects of their daily lives. We investigated the impact of traffic noise on the calling behaviour of the brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) in south‐eastern Melbourne, the fastest‐growing human population centre in Australia. We placed six acoustic recorders at increasing distances from a busy suburban road and recorded the calling behaviour (call pitch and call rate) of brown tree frogs immediately before and after loud traffic noises, and in response to different chorus sizes. Traffic noise resulted in a significant, but short‐term, increase in call pitch in the brown tree frog. Both call pitch and call rate decreased with increasing distance from the road, yet traffic noise still resulted in increased call pitch even 200–300 m from the road. Conversely, although traffic noise increased call pitch across all chorus sizes of the brown tree frog, larger chorus sizes were associated with decreased call pitch. Our study highlights the pervasive, and sustained, impact that anthropogenic noise can have on urban frog populations.

中文翻译：

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交通噪音导致城市青蛙的通话音调立即增加

噪声污染是全球环境变化未得到充分重视的组成部分，可能会影响强烈依赖声通信的物种。在城市地区，交通噪声会干扰动物交流和完成日常生活必不可少的方面的能力。我们调查了交通噪声对棕树蛙（Litoria ewingii）的呼唤行为的影响）位于墨尔本东南部，这是澳大利亚人口增长最快的人口中心。我们将六台录音机放置在离繁忙的郊区道路越来越远的地方，并记录了棕色蛙在大声交通噪音前后的呼叫行为（呼叫音高和呼叫速率），以及对不同合唱大小的反应。交通噪声导致棕树蛙的鸣叫声明显但短期内增加。呼叫间距和呼叫速率都随着距道路距离的增加而降低，但是交通噪声仍然导致呼叫间距增加，甚至距离道路200-300 m。相反，尽管交通噪声在棕色树蛙的所有合唱尺寸上都增加了通话音调，但较大的合唱尺寸与通话音调降低有关。我们的研究突出了无处不在的，持续的，