Environmental stress from climate change and agricultural activity threatens global plant biodiversity as well as crop yield and quality. As sessile organisms, plants must maintain the integrity of their genomes and adjust gene expression to adapt to various environmental changes. In eukaryotes, nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin around which genomic DNA is packaged by condensation. To enable dynamic access to packaged DNA, eukaryotes have evolved Snf2 (sucrose nonfermenting 2) family proteins as chromatin remodeling factors (CHRs) that modulate the position of nucleosomes on chromatin. During plant stress responses, CHRs are recruited to specific genomic loci, where they regulate the distribution or composition of nucleosomes, which in turn alters the accessibility of these loci to general transcription or DNA damage repair machinery. Moreover, CHRs interplay with other epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and deposition of histone variants. CHRs are also involved in RNA processing at the post‐transcriptional level. In this review, we discuss major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which CHRs function during plants’ response to environmental stress.

中文翻译：

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染色质重塑因子调节植物的环境胁迫响应

来自气候变化和农业活动的环境压力威胁着全球植物的生物多样性以及作物的产量和质量。作为无柄生物，植物必须保持其基因组的完整性并调整基因表达以适应各种环境变化。在真核生物中，核小体是染色质的基本单位，周围的基因组DNA通过缩合包装。为了能够动态访问包装的DNA，真核生物已经进化出Snf2（蔗糖非发酵2）家族蛋白作为染色质重塑因子（CHRs），从而调节核小体在染色质上的位置。在植物胁迫反应期间，CHRs被募集到特定的基因组基因座，在那里它们调节核小体的分布或组成，进而改变了这些基因座对一般转录或DNA损伤修复机制的可及性。此外，CHR与其他表观遗传机制相互作用，包括DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰和组蛋白变异体的沉积。CHRs在转录后水平也参与RNA加工。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们对CHR在植物对环境胁迫的响应过程中发挥作用的机制的理解方面的重大进展。