Electrocatalysts are the cores of many electrochemical reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR). Recent advances in research have demonstrated the potentials of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts for these reactions arising out of their unique electronic structure and physicochemical properties. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advances of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts in these electrochemical processes. The corresponding synthesis strategies, structure and electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts are discussed and the relationships of the process-structure-property are highlighted. In addition, the catalytic mechanisms are analyzed based on the structure characterization and theoretical calculations results. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives are put forward for further development of molybdenum carbide-based catalysts.

电催化剂是许多电化学反应的核心，包括氢释放反应（HER），氧释放反应（OER），氧还原反应（ORR），氮还原反应（NRR）和CO ₂还原反应（CO ₂RR）。最近的研究进展表明，由于碳化钼基催化剂独特的电子结构和理化性质，它们在这些反应中的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们系统地总结了碳化钼基催化剂在这些电化学过程中的最新进展。讨论了催化剂的相应合成策略，结构和电催化性能，突出了工艺-结构-性能之间的关系。此外，基于结构表征和理论计算结果对催化机理进行了分析。最后，提出了进一步开发碳化钼基催化剂的现有挑战和未来前景。