We combined structural data collected in the field and those obtained from a virtual outcrop model constructed from drone imagery, to perform Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modelling and to characterize the fracture distribution within the damage zone of the low-displacement (~50 m) carbonate-hosted Pietrasecca Fault (PF) (central Apennines, Italy). Both in the hanging wall and in the footwall damage zones, fractures are vertical and parallel to slightly oblique to the fault strike. Fracture length distributions in the footwall damage zone indicate a high degree of fracture maturity, while in the hanging wall damage zone they indicate a low degree of fracture maturity. Pervasive stylolitization in the hanging wall must have hindered the development of through-going fractures, favoring diffuse fracturing characterized by stylolite-bounded fractures. DFN models suggest that permeabilities are 1–2 orders of magnitude greater in the footwall damage zone than in the hanging wall damage zone. As permeability (10⁻¹² to 10⁻¹⁵ m²) is comparable with those measured in large-displacement (up to 600 m) faults in carbonates, our results show that also damage zones accompanying carbonate faults with ~50 m of displacement could be fracture corridors for efficient fluid flow within subsurface reservoirs. Therefore, we propose that jumps in subsurface permeabilities occurring in many carbonate fractured reservoirs could be associated with to the occurrence of high permeability fracture zones developed within damage zones of low-displacement faults. As the recent advancement in seismic imaging allow the recognition of faults with displacement in the order of a few tens of meters, reservoir geologists and engineers can apply results of this study to better model the subsurface flow pathways near low displacement faults in carbonate reservoirs.

我们将现场收集的结构数据与从无人机影像构建的虚拟露头模型获得的结构数据结合起来，以进行离散断裂网络（DFN）建模，并表征低位移（〜50 m）损伤区域内的裂缝分布。碳酸盐岩引起的Pietrasecca断层（PF）（意大利亚平宁山脉中部）。在上盘壁和下盘壁破坏区域中，裂缝都是垂直的，并且平行于断层走向略微倾斜。在底壁损伤区的断裂长度分布表明断裂成熟度高，而在悬挂壁损伤区的断裂长度表明断裂成熟度低。悬挂式墙体中普遍存在的风化作用必定阻碍了贯通性骨折的发展，有利于以斜长石为界的裂缝为特征的弥散压裂。DFN模型表明，下盘破坏区的渗透率比下盘破坏区的渗透率大1-2个数量级。磁导率（10^-12至10 ^-15  m ²）与碳酸盐岩大位移断层（最大600 m）断层中测得的断层相比具有可比性，我们的结果表明，伴随着〜50 m位移的碳酸盐岩断层伴随的破坏带也可能是地下储层内有效流体流动的裂缝通道。因此，我们认为，在许多碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层中发生的地下渗透率跃变可能与在低位移断层破坏带内形成的高渗透性裂缝带的发生有关。由于地震成像的最新进展可以识别数十米量级的位移断层，因此油藏地质学家和工程师可以应用这项研究的结果来更好地模拟碳酸盐岩储层低位移断层附近的地下流动路径。