Cattle ranching is the main land use after deforestation in Amazon region of Colombia. Those poor-managed pasture system typically induces soil compaction, acidification, organic matter losses and soil erosion, leading to soil health degradation and ecosystem service losses. To mitigate this problem, alternative production systems such as silvopastoral systems, where trees, forage, and cattle are combined in an integrated and intensively managed system, have been established in the last years. Hence, we conducted a field study that aimed to assess soil physical quality changes due to the traditional management of livestock and the subsequent transition to a silvopastoral system in two sites in Caquetá state, northwestern Colombian Amazon. In each site, soil samplings were performed in a chronosequence conformed by three areas following the typical land-use change at the region: i) native vegetation, ii) traditional pasture and iii) silvopastoral system. The soil physical properties quantified were: soil bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, visual evaluation of soil structure, aggregate stability as well as soil organic carbon. Compared to native vegetation, traditional pasture management causes a degradation in soil physical quality, with increases in soil bulk density in subsoil from 1.10 to 1.33 g cm⁻³ and penetration resistance, which reached values around 5 MPa, affecting the distribution of pores and soil structural quality. When pastures were replaced by silvopastoral systems, we observed a recovery in the physical soil attributes with bulk density reaching values of 1.09 g cm⁻³ and penetration resistance of 3.77 MPa. Those improvements as well as the enhacement in visual evaluation soil structure could be associated with increases in soil C content since diversified and greater above and belowground biomass production are expected, as well as improved animal/pasture management. Thus, the implementation of silvopastoral systems is highlighted as an efficient strategy to restore soil physical quality of degraded pastures, contributing to increase pastureland productivity, and indirectly decrease deforestation pressure in the Amazon Basin.

牛牧场是哥伦比亚亚马逊地区森林砍伐后的主要土地利用。那些管理不善的牧场系统通常会导致土壤压实，酸化，有机物质流失和土壤侵蚀，从而导致土壤健康退化和生态系统服务损失。为了减轻这个问题，最近几年已经建立了替代性生产系统，例如农牧业系统，其中树木，草料和牲畜结合在一个综合且集约化管理的系统中。因此，我们进行了一项野外研究，旨在评估由于传统牲畜管理以及随后过渡到哥伦比亚西北亚马逊卡凯塔州两个地点的林牧系统而造成的土壤物理质量变化。在每个站点中 按照该地区典型的土地利用变化，按照三个区域的时间顺序对土壤进行采样：i）原生植被，ii）传统牧场和iii）牧草系统。量化的土壤物理性质为：土壤容重，孔隙率，抗渗透性，土壤结构的目测评估，团聚体稳定性以及土壤有机碳。与本地植被相比，传统的牧场管理方式会导致土壤物理质量下降，并且将底土中的土壤容重从1.10 g增加到1.33 g cm 聚集稳定性以及土壤有机碳。与本地植被相比，传统的牧场管理方式会导致土壤物理质量下降，并且将底土中的土壤容重从1.10 g增加到1.33 g cm 聚集稳定性以及土壤有机碳。与本地植被相比，传统的牧场管理方式会导致土壤物理质量下降，并且将底土中的土壤容重从1.10 g增加到1.33 g cm^-3和抗渗透性达到5 MPa左右，影响孔隙分布和土壤结构质量。当用牧草牧系统代替草场时，我们观察到土壤物理属性的恢复，堆积密度达到1.09 g cm ^-3耐穿透性为3.77 MPa。这些改进以及视觉评估土壤结构的增强，可能与土壤碳含量的增加有关，因为预计土壤生物量的多样化和更高产量以及地下和地下生物产量的提高，以及改善的动物/牧场管理。因此，强调了牧草系统的实施是恢复退化牧场的土壤物理质量，提高牧场生产率，间接减少亚马逊河流域森林砍伐压力的有效策略。