Ethnobotanical studies in South-Eastern Europe have gained several scholars’ and stakeholders’ interest since they are considered crucial for evaluating and valorizing the local bio-cultural heritage. While the Kosovar flora is estimated to comprise more than 2500 species, Kosovo also represents a reservoir of cultural, linguistic, and religious diversities. An ethnobotanical field study was carried out in the spring of 2017 among Albanians and Serbs living in rural and urban environments of the Anadrini region, central Kosovo. The study aimed to assess if the different ethnic affiliations or rural/urban environments could have affected traditional local plant uses among communities who lived together in the same region over many centuries. The field survey was conducted via semi-structured interviews with 150 local adults chosen among the traditional knowledge holders and focused on traditional uses of wild food and medicinal plants relevant to human or animal health. We recorded and identified a total of 72 plant species belonging to 34 plant families. A comparison between Serbs and Albanians shows a similar number of used plant species/taxa. In contrast, the comparison among rural and urban populations showed that urbanization only affected (decreased) the traditional environmental knowledge retained by Albanians living in Rahovec-who, in response to complex historical trajectories, still speak a Slavic language and possibly adopted very “hybridized” plant-centered customs. This work’s findings could be implemented in rural sustainable projects aimed at fostering both environmentally-friendly circular economies and social cohesion.

东南欧的民族植物学研究引起了一些学者和利益相关者的兴趣，因为它们被认为对于评估和保护当地的生物文化遗产至关重要。虽然科索沃植物群估计包含2500多种，但科索沃还代表着文化，语言和宗教多样性的聚集地。2017年春季，对生活在科索沃中部阿纳德里尼地区农村和城市环境中的阿尔巴尼亚人和塞族人进行了种族植物学现场研究。该研究旨在评估不同种族背景或农村/城市环境是否会影响在同一地区生活了多个世纪的社区中传统的当地植物利用。实地调查是通过对150名当地传统知识持有者中的成年人进行的半结构化访谈进行的，重点是野生食品和药用植物与人类或动物健康有关的传统用途。我们记录并确定了属于34个植物科的72种植物。塞尔维亚人和阿尔巴尼亚人之间的比较显示，使用过的植物物种/分类单元数量相似。相比之下，城乡人口之间的比较表明，城市化只会影响（减少）居住在拉霍维茨的阿尔巴尼亚人保留的传统环境知识，以应对复杂的历史轨迹，仍然会讲斯拉夫语，甚至可能采用非常“杂化”的语言。以植物为中心的习俗。