This paper examines the design of affirmative and silent coverage in view of the cyber risks in traditional insurance policies for select product lines on the German market. Given the novelty and complexity of the topic and the insufficient coverage in the literature, we use two different sources. We analysed the general insurance terms and conditions of different traditional insurance lines using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. Also, we conducted interviews with experts from the German insurance industry to evaluate how insurers understand their silent cyber exposures, and what measures they take to deal with this new exposure. The study shows a considerable cyber liability risk potential for insurers in the considered insurance lines. This arises from the affirmative as well as silent cover inclusions and exclusions for cyber risks, which result from imprecise wordings of insurance clauses and insufficient descriptions of the contractually specified scope of the insurance coverage.

中文翻译：

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传统保险政策中的肯定性和无声网络覆盖：德国保险市场精选保险产品的定性内容分析

鉴于传统保险政策针对德国市场上某些产品系列的网络风险，本文研究了肯定性和无声性保险的设计。鉴于该主题的新颖性和复杂性以及文献中的报道不足，我们使用了两种不同的来源。我们使用Mayring的定性内容分析法分析了不同传统保险产品线的一般保险条款和条件。此外，我们采访了德国保险业的专家，以评估保险公司如何理解他们的沉默网络风险，以及他们采取了哪些措施来应对这种新风险。该研究表明，在考虑的保险类别中，保险公司存在相当大的网络责任风险。这是由于对网络风险的肯定性和无声掩护包括与排除，