Domestic work, once the most common occupation for women around the globe, was thought to be well on its way to extinction at the end of the twentieth century. However, in the 1980s and 1990s, evidence began to appear that domestic work was in many places again becoming a growth occupation. My goal in this article is to examine the factors related to the recent expansion of domestic work in countries in the Global North, using the United States as a case study. I draw on U.S. Census data to document the resurgence of domestic work both nationally and in many large cities across the country, and then use multivariate analysis to compare rates of domestic work across these cities. The results indicate that rates of domestic work are highly related to variables measuring structural inequalities (racialization of the labor force, immigration, and economic polarization), while showing little relationship with variables measuring unmet care needs (care dependency ratios, female/maternal labor force participation, and availability of institutional care options). These findings underline the urgency of providing protections to domestic workers and point to the need for scholarship that better theorizes the relationships among unpaid care and different forms of paid care.

中文翻译：

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不平等驱动：探索美国城市中家庭工作的复兴

家政工作曾经是全球妇女最普遍的职业，被认为在二十世纪末期将要灭绝。然而，在1980年代和1990年代，开始出现证据表明家政劳动在许多地方再次成为一种增长职业。我在本文中的目标是，以美国为例，研究与全球北部国家的家庭工作最近扩展相关的因素。我使用美国人口普查数据来记录家庭工作在全国范围内以及全国许多大城市中的兴起，然后使用多元分析来比较这些城市中家庭工作的比率。结果表明，家务劳动的比例与衡量结构不平等的变量高度相关（劳动力的种族化，移民，和经济两极分化），而与衡量未满足的护理需求（护理抚养比率，女性/母亲劳动力参与以及机构护理选择的可用性）的变量几乎没有关系。这些发现强调了向家庭佣工提供保护的紧迫性，并指出需要获得奖学金以更好地理论化无偿照料与不同形式的有偿照料之间的关系。