The North Korean nuclear problem has remained unsolved for 25 years. A variety of approaches can be used to resolve the problem, ranging from economic incentives to dialogues, sanctions, and military strikes, but sanctions appear to be the most plausible solution as a realistic method. Still, the question remains how to make sanctions against North Korea more effective. This article focuses on a regional approach to international cooperation and suggests that a regional security arrangement should be established in Northeast Asia to resolve the North Korean nuclear crisis. Today, the international order is undergoing change. Globalization is in retreat. Under these circumstances, international problems seem to be solved most effectively through regional cooperation. Northeast Asia has no significant regional cooperation arrangements. A successful regional cooperation requires two elements. First, the South Korean government needs to utilize the North Korean nuclear problem, redefining it as a threat to regional peace; such a shift in threat recognition would elevate the importance of a regional solution. Second, the process of building a regional arrangement needs institutionalization. The existing regional dialogues can hardly help solve the nuclear problem. In this sense, it is necessary to recalibrate the Six‐Party Talks as an institution implementing sanctions as resolutions adopted in the UN Security Council.

中文翻译：

---

对朝鲜的国际制裁：两级解决方案

朝鲜核问题25年来一直没有解决。从经济激励措施到对话，制裁和军事打击，可以使用多种方法来解决该问题，但制裁作为一种现实的方法似乎是最可行的解决方案。尽管如此，问题仍然在于如何使对朝鲜的制裁更加有效。本文着眼于国际合作的区域方法，并建议应在东北亚建立区域安全安排以解决北朝鲜核危机。今天，国际秩序正在发生变化。全球化正在退缩。在这种情况下，似乎可以通过区域合作最有效地解决国际问题。东北亚没有重大的区域合作安排。成功的区域合作需要两个要素。首先，韩国政府需要利用朝鲜核问题，将其重新定义为对区域和平的威胁。威胁识别的这种转变将提高区域解决方案的重要性。第二，建立区域安排的过程需要制度化。现有的区域对话几乎无助于解决核问题。从这个意义上讲，有必要重新调整六方会谈，使其成为执行制裁的机构，这是联合国安理会通过的决议。第二，建立区域安排的过程需要制度化。现有的区域对话几乎无助于解决核问题。从这个意义上讲，有必要重新调整六方会谈，使其成为执行制裁的机构，这是联合国安理会通过的决议。第二，建立区域安排的过程需要制度化。现有的区域对话几乎无助于解决核问题。从这个意义上讲，有必要重新调整六方会谈，使其成为执行制裁的机构，这是联合国安理会通过的决议。