We report a newly extended stratigraphic sequence with associated Palaeolithic sites from the area of the extinct Kilombe volcano in central Kenya. The extended archaeological sequence runs from Oldowan finds, through the Acheulean, and up to the Middle Stone Age. The sedimentary sequences within the Kilombe caldera and south flanks of the mountain have been dated through ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar measurements and palaeomagnetic studies. A series of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar values date the geological sequence from 2.493 ± 0.095 Ma, near the beginning of the Lower Pleistocene, through to 0.118 ± 0.030 Ma near the Middle to Upper Pleistocene transition. It includes the first entirely new area of Oldowan localities in East Africa south of Ethiopia for thirty years, and the first in a rugged mountainous setting. Trachyte lavas of Kilombe mountain were extruded during and after c. 2.5 Ma, followed by formation of a caldera and subsequent caldera lake, and sedimentation of a sequence of tuffs, diamictites, sandstones, and claystones. Sections in the mid-part of this intra-caldera fill-sequence have produced dates of 1.8–1.7 Ma, associated with an Oldowan industry and fauna dated precisely at 1.814 ± 0.004, and overlain by Acheulean finds at higher level. On the southern outward flanks of Kilombe mountain, a second major sequence is bounded at the base by trachyphonolite and a tuff yielding dates in the range 1.58–1.50 Ma. The main Acheulean archaeological site (GqJh1) falls within the overlying sedimentary sequence and has an age of c. 1.0 Ma, on the basis of a new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar date for the Three-Banded Tuff and palaeomagnetic reversal stratigraphy. Further ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates indicate an age of c. 0.48–0.46 Ma for a marker ashflow tuff (AFT), prominent across the area. At Moricho, west of Kilombe, sediments above the AFT have been dated in the range 270,000–120,000 years and are associated with Middle Stone Age assemblages. In total, these sites attest to hominin activity from an Oldowan horizon dated to 1.8 Ma up to Later Stone Age stone scatters within the last 100,000 years.

我们报告了肯尼亚中部已灭绝的基洛姆贝火山地区新近扩展的地层层序以及相关的旧石器时代遗址。扩展的考古序列从奥尔多万的发现一直延伸到阿彻兰（Acheulean），直至中石器时代。通过⁴⁰ Ar / ³⁹ Ar测量和古地磁研究已经确定了Kilombe破火山口和山南翼内的沉积序列。一系列⁴⁰ Ar / ³⁹Ar值的地质序列从下更新世开始附近的2.493±0.095 Ma直到中上新世过渡附近的0.118±0.030 Ma。它包括三十年来在埃塞俄比亚以南的东非的第一个全新的Oldowan地区，也是在崎mountain的山区环境中的第一个地区。在c。前后挤压出Kilombe山的Trachyte熔岩。2.5 Ma，随后形成火山口和随后的火山口湖，并沉积一系列凝灰岩，铁矾土，砂岩和黏土。破火山口内部充填序列的中部断层产生的日期为1.8-1.7 Ma，与一个Oldowan的工业和动物区系的精确日期为1.814±0.004，并且被Acheulean所覆盖的水平较高。在基洛姆贝山的南侧，第二个主要序列在其底部由次风松石和凝灰岩界定，凝灰岩的产期在1.58-1.50 Ma之间。阿契勒兰的主要考古遗址（GqJh1）处于上覆的沉积层序内，年龄为c。1.0 Ma，基于新的三带凝灰岩和古磁性反转地层学的⁴⁰ Ar / ³⁹ Ar日期。另外⁴⁰ Ar / ³⁹ Ar日期表明年龄为c。标记流凝灰岩（AFT）的密度在0.48–0.46 Ma之间，在整个区域内都突出。在基洛姆贝（Killombe）以西的莫里科（Moricho），AFT上方的沉积物的年代在270,000–120,000年之间，与中石器时代的组合有关。总体而言，这些站点证明了过去100,000年内从1.8 Ma一直到后来的石器时代的石块散布的从Oldowan地平线开始的人为蛋白活动。