ABSTRACT

On 23 June 2019, seven Muslim women staged a protest at a swimming pool in Grenoble, France in defiance of rules prohibiting burkinis in swimming pools. French law 2010–1192 criminalizes the bodies of visibly Muslim women by prohibiting full-face coverings in French public space. This creates precarious bodies through law and facilitates an institutional Islamophobia, which I argue circulates in French society through a logic of hygiene. This logic of hygiene refers not merely to cleanliness but to the racial purity of the French republic. Law performs a dual cleansing role: it cleanses public space(s) of the presence of colonial markers and acts to displace colonial memory in France. This article traces the emergence of pro-ban feminist arguments supporting the criminalization of Islamic dress in France to a historical foundation of humiliation and cleanliness in post-WWII shavings of the hair of dissident French women. The article draws parallels with the forced uncovering of the hair of Muslim women in historical colonialism and in contemporary France to conceptualize hair as the patriarchal symbol of the French republic. Muslim women are made precarious through law's complicity with the hygiene and sterilization agendas of French coloniality and post-war capitalist modernization. The conclusion is that Muslim women are the site of the racial and gender differentiation necessary for the maintenance of the French republic.

摘要

2019年6月23日，七名穆斯林妇女在法国格勒诺布尔的一个游泳池举行抗议活动，违反了禁止在游泳池中进行布基尼舞的规定。法国2010–1192号法律禁止在法国公共场所使用全脸遮盖物，将可见的穆斯林妇女的尸体定为犯罪。这会通过法律制造不稳定的机构，并助长制度上的伊斯兰恐惧症，我认为这是通过卫生的逻辑在法国社会中流传的。这种卫生的逻辑不仅指清洁，而且指法兰西共和国的种族纯度。法律扮演着双重清洗的角色：它清洗公共空间中是否存在殖民地标记，并取代法国的殖民记忆。本文追溯了支持法国将伊斯兰服饰定为犯罪的禁令女权主义论点的出现，这是第二次世界大战后持不同政见的法国妇女剃须时羞辱和清洁的历史基础。这篇文章与历史殖民主义和当代法国强迫揭露穆斯林妇女的头发相似，将头发概念化为法兰西共和国的父权制象征。通过法律与法国殖民地的卫生和绝育议程以及战后资本主义现代化的共谋，穆斯林妇女变得ious可危。结论是穆斯林妇女是维持法兰西共和国所必需的种族和性别差异的发源地。这篇文章与历史殖民主义和当代法国强迫揭露穆斯林妇女的头发相似，将头发概念化为法兰西共和国的父权制象征。通过法律与法国殖民地的卫生和绝育议程以及战后资本主义现代化的共谋，穆斯林妇女变得ious可危。结论是穆斯林妇女是维持法兰西共和国所必需的种族和性别差异的发源地。这篇文章与历史殖民主义和当代法国强迫揭露穆斯林妇女的头发相似，将头发概念化为法兰西共和国的父权制象征。通过法律与法国殖民地的卫生和绝育议程以及战后资本主义现代化的共谋，穆斯林妇女变得ious可危。结论是穆斯林妇女是维持法兰西共和国所必需的种族和性别差异的发源地。符合法国殖民地时期的卫生和绝育议程以及战后资本主义现代化。结论是穆斯林妇女是维持法兰西共和国所必需的种族和性别差异的发源地。符合法国殖民地时期的卫生和绝育议程以及战后资本主义现代化。结论是穆斯林妇女是维持法兰西共和国所必需的种族和性别差异的发源地。