The satellite tracking, telemetry, and command system, or TT&C, is utilized to transmit the telemetry and telecommand data, as well as to determine the satellite orbit. It is the lifeline of a satellite, and thus its safety and reliability are of fundamental importance to the satellite. After years of development, the traditional satellite TT&C technologies are relatively mature, while there are still many open problems to be solved for long distance deep space explorers and satellite mega-constellation. In this article, we start with a brief review regarding the evolution of the TT&C system applied in space missions. Then we raise the challenges and potential solutions for the TT&C system in solar system explorations and suggest a new networked TT&C system that is suitable for large-scale satellite constellation management tasks. In the end, some potential TT&C technologies are indicated considering the future technology. In general, the goal of this article is to provide an overview to understand the motivation, challenges, methodology, and solutions of the satellite TT&C system.

中文翻译：

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卫星跟踪，遥测和指挥系统的挑战和解决方案

卫星跟踪，遥测和指挥系统或TT＆C用于传输遥测和遥测数据，以及确定卫星轨道。它是卫星的生命线，因此其安全性和可靠性对卫星至关重要。经过多年的发展，传统的卫星测控技术已经相对成熟，而长距离深空探测器和巨型卫星还有许多悬而未决的问题需要解决。在本文中，我们首先简要回顾一下用于太空任务的TT＆C系统的发展。然后，我们提出了TT＆C系统在太阳系探索中的挑战和潜在解决方案，并提出了一种新的联网TT＆适用于大型卫星星座管理任务的C系统。最后，考虑到未来的技术，指出了一些潜在的TT＆C技术。通常，本文的目的是提供概述，以了解卫星TT＆C系统的动机，挑战，方法和解决方案。