As the penetration of utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants increases, the inertia in the system is reduced and there will be increased primary frequency response requirements. To increase inertia and improve the primary frequency response, grid-forming inverters connecting PV to grid and energy storage systems (ESSs) may play an important role. Moreover, high-voltage direct current (HVdc) links can also be an enabler to transfer remote PV power generation and to improve grid stability. That is, with increased penetration of PV, discrete development of PV and ESS connecting to transmission ac grid and HVdc links is one of the solutions for stable operation of the grid. In this paper, an integrated concept for integration of PV and ESS to transmission ac grid and HVdc links is proposed that is named as multi-port autonomous reconfigurable solar power plant (MARS). The integrated development incorporates advanced control methods to provide inertial and primary frequency response, reactive power support, and transient stability to manage PV and ESS resources. In this paper, high-fidelity switched system model of the integrated system and grids are developed and detailed simulation results are provided to showcase the stable operation of the integrated system and provision of grid support functions.

中文翻译：

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使用多端口自主可重构太阳能发电厂 (MARS) 在混合交流-直流系统中的可再生集成

随着公用事业规模太阳能光伏 (PV) 发电厂的渗透率增加，系统中的惯性降低，初级频率响应要求将增加。为了增加惯性并改善一次频率响应，将光伏连接到电网和储能系统 (ESS) 的并网逆变器可能会发挥重要作用。此外，高压直流 (HVdc) 链路还可以促进远程光伏发电并提高电网稳定性。也就是说，随着光伏渗透率的提高，连接到输电交流电网和高压直流链路的光伏和储能的离散发展是电网稳定运行的解决方案之一。在本文中，提出了一种将 PV 和 ESS 集成到传输交流电网和 HVdc 链路的集成概念，称为多端口自主可重构太阳能发电厂 (MARS)。集成开发结合了先进的控制方法，以提供惯性和主频率响应、无功功率支持和瞬态稳定性，以管理 PV 和 ESS 资源。本文开发了集成系统和电网的高保真切换系统模型，并提供了详细的仿真结果，以展示集成系统的稳定运行和电网支持功能的提供。