Abstract The main aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilization in heterogeneous catalysis. MRI is capable to provide very useful information about both living and nonliving objects in a noninvasive way. The studies of an internal heterogeneous reactor structure by MRI help to understand the mass transport and chemical processes inside the working catalytic reactor that can significantly improve its efficiency. However, one of the serious disadvantages of MRI is low sensitivity, and this obstacle dramatically limits possible MRI application. Fortunately, there are hyperpolarization methods that eliminate this problem. Parahydrogen-induced polarization approach, for instance, can increase the nuclear magnetic resonance signal intensity by four to five orders of magnitude; moreover, the obtained polarization can be stored in long-lived spin states and then transferred into an observable signal in MRI. An in-depth account of the studies on both thermal and hyperpolarized MRI for the investigation of heterogeneous catalytic processes is provided in this review as part of the special issue emphasizing the research performed to date in Russia/USSR.

中文翻译：

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催化相关过程的磁共振成像

摘要 本文的主要目的是提供对多相催化中磁共振成像 (MRI) 应用的最新评论。MRI 能够以非侵入性方式提供有关有生命和无生命物体的非常有用的信息。通过 MRI 对内部多相反应器结构的研究有助于了解工作催化反应器内部的传质和化学过程，可以显着提高其效率。然而，MRI 的严重缺点之一是灵敏度低，这一障碍极大地限制了 MRI 的应用。幸运的是，有一些超极化方法可以解决这个问题。例如，副氢诱导极化方法可以将核磁共振信号强度提高四到五个数量级；而且，获得的极化可以以长寿命的自旋状态存储，然后在 MRI 中转换为可观察的信号。作为强调迄今为止在俄罗斯/苏联进行的研究的特刊的一部分，本评论提供了对用于研究多相催化过程的热和超极化 MRI 研究的深入说明。