Abstract

Translation occurring on cytoplasmic mRNA is precisely governed at three consecutive stages, including initiation, elongation and termination. A growing body of evidence has revealed that an emerging epitranscriptomic code N⁶-methyadenosine (m⁶A), asymmetrically present in a large subset of coding and non-coding transcripts, is crucially required for mediating the translatomic stability. Through recruiting translation machinery proteins, serving as a physical barrier, or directing RNA structural rearrangement and mRNA looping formation, m⁶A has been decoded to modulate translational dynamics through potentially influencing the progress of different stages, thereby forming an additional layer of complexity to the regulation of translation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how m⁶A guides mRNA translation under normal and stress conditions, highlighting the divergent molecular mechanisms of multifarious regulation of m⁶A-mediated translation.

摘要

在细胞质mRNA上发生的翻译在三个连续阶段（包括起始，延伸和终止）被精确控制。越来越多的证据表明，在编码和非编码转录本的大部分子集中不对称存在的新兴的转录组编码N ^6-甲基腺苷（m ⁶ A），对于介导翻译稳定性至关重要。通过募集翻译机制蛋白，充当物理屏障或指导RNA结构重排和mRNA循环形成，m ⁶通过对A进行解码，可以潜在地影响不同阶段的进度，从而调节翻译动态，从而为翻译调节形成了另一层复杂性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前对m ⁶ A如何在正常和应激条件下指导mRNA翻译的理解，强调了m ⁶ A介导的翻译的多种调控的分子机制。