Background: The vast majority of adolescent mental health and substance use disorders go undiagnosed and undertreated. SMS text messaging is increasingly used as a method to deliver adolescent health services that promote psychological well-being and aim to protect adolescents from adverse experiences and risk factors critical for their current and future mental health. To date, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature on the extent, range, and implementation contexts of these SMS text message interventions. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to map and categorize gaps in the current body of peer-reviewed research around the use of SMS text messaging–based interventions for mental health and addiction services among adolescents. Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to Levac’s adaptation of Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews in six iterative stages. A search strategy was cocreated and adapted for five unique databases. Studies were screened using Covidence software. The PICO (patient, intervention, comparator, outcome) framework and input from multiple stakeholder groups were used to structure and pilot a data extraction codebook. Data were extracted on study methodology and measures, intervention design, and implementation characteristics, as well as policy, practice, and research implications. Results: We screened 1142 abstracts. Of these, 31 articles published between 2013 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Intervention engagement was the most common type of outcome measured (18/31), followed by changes in cognitions (16/31; eg, disease knowledge, self-awareness) and acceptability (16/31). Interventions were typically delivered in less than 12 weeks, and adolescents received 1-3 messages per week. Bidirectional messaging was involved in 65% (20/31) of the studies. Limited descriptions of implementation features (eg, cost, policy implications, technology performance) were reported. Conclusions: The use of SMS text messaging interventions is a rapidly expanding area of research. However, lack of large-scale controlled trials and theoretically driven intervention designs limits generalizability. Significant gaps in the literature were observed in relation to implementation considerations, cost, clinical workflow, bidirectionality of texting, and level of personalization and tailoring of the interventions. Given the growth of mobile phone–based interventions for this population, a rigorous program of large-scale, well-designed trials is urgently required.

中文翻译：

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青少年心理健康和成瘾服务中的短信干预：范围回顾

背景：绝大多数青少年心理健康和物质使用障碍均未得到诊断和治疗。SMS文本消息越来越多地用作提供青少年健康服务的一种方法，这些服务可以促进心理健康，并旨在保护青少年免受不利于他们当前和未来心理健康的经历和风险因素的侵害。迄今为止，尚没有关于这些SMS短信干预措施的范围，范围和实施环境的现有文献的全面综合。目的：此范围审查的目的是对当前在同行评审中有关使用SMS短信进行的青少年心理健康和成瘾服务干预研究中的差距进行归类和分类。方法：根据Levac对Arksey的改编和O'Malley的六个阶段的范围界定方法框架进行了范围界定审查。共同创建了一种搜索策略，并将其应用于五个独特的数据库。使用Covidence软件筛选研究。PICO（患者，干预，比较者，结果）框架和来自多个利益相关者团体的意见被用于构建和试行数据提取密码本。提取有关研究方法和措施，干预设计和实施特征以及政策，实践和研究意义的数据。结果：我们筛选了1142个摘要。其中，2013年至2020年之间发表的31篇文章符合纳入条件。干预参与是最常见的结果类型（18/31），其次是认知的改变（16/31；例如，疾病知识，自我意识）和可接受性（16/31）。干预通常在不到12周的时间内完成，青少年每周接收1-3条消息。双向消息传递参与了65％（20/31）的研究。报告了对实施功能（例如成本，政策影响，技术性能）的有限描述。结论：SMS文本消息干预的使用是一个快速扩展的研究领域。但是，缺乏大规模的对照试验和理论上可行的干预设计限制了推广性。在实施注意事项，成本，临床工作流程，发短信的双向性以及个性化和干预措施的水平方面，文献中存在明显的差距。鉴于针对这些人群的基于手机的干预措施的增长，迫切需要严格的，精心设计的大规模计划。