Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, is a devastating fungal disease affecting barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) production globally. Despite the effectiveness of genetic resistance, the deployment of single genes often compromises durability due to the emergence of virulent P. hordei races, prompting the search for new sources of resistance. Here we report on the cloning of Rph15, a resistance gene derived from barley’s wild progenitor H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum. We demonstrate using introgression mapping, mutation and complementation that the Rph15 gene from the near-isogenic line (NIL) Bowman + Rph15 (referred to as BW719) encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein with an integrated Zinc finger BED (ZF-BED) domain. A predicted KASP marker was developed and validated across a collection of Australian cultivars and a series of introgression lines in the Bowman background known to carry the Rph15 resistance. Rph16 from HS-680, another wild barley derived leaf rust resistance gene, was previously mapped to the same genomic region on chromosome 2H and was assumed to be allelic with Rph15 based on genetic studies. Both sequence analysis, race specificity and the identification of a knockout mutant in the HS-680 background suggest that Rph15- and Rph16-mediated resistances are in fact the same and not allelic as previously thought. The cloning of Rph15 now permits efficient gene deployment and the production of resistance gene cassettes for sustained leaf rust control.

中文翻译：

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来自野生大麦的含有 BED 结构域的 NLR 赋予对叶锈病的抗性

叶锈病，导致的柄锈菌大麦，是影响大麦一个破坏性真菌病（大麦亚种大麦全局）的生产。尽管有遗传抗性的有效性，但由于剧毒大麦菌的出现，单个基因的部署往往会损害持久性，这促使人们寻找新的抗性来源。在这里，我们报告了Rph15的克隆，Rph15是一种源自大麦野生祖先H. vulgare subsp.的抗性基因。自发的。我们证明了使用渗入映射，突变和互补的Rph15从近等基因系（NIL）鲍曼+基因 Rph15（称为 BW719）编码卷曲螺旋核苷酸结合富含亮氨酸重复序列 (NLR) 蛋白，具有集成的锌指 BED (ZF-BED) 结构域。在已知携带Rph15抗性的 Bowman 背景中的一系列澳大利亚栽培品种和一系列基因渗入品系中开发并验证了预测的 KASP 标记。来自 HS-680 的Rph16是另一种野生大麦衍生的叶锈病抗性基因，之前被定位到染色体 2H 上的相同基因组区域，并根据遗传研究假定与Rph15是等位基因。序列分析、种族特异性和 HS-680 背景中敲除突变体的鉴定表明Rph15-和Rph16介导的抗性实际上与之前认为的相同，而不是等位基因。Rph15的克隆现在允许有效的基因部署和产生用于持续控制叶锈病的抗性基因盒。