Various new clinical signs and symptoms, such as dysfunction of smell (anosmia) and taste (dysgeusia) have emerged ever since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic begun. The objective of this study was to identify the clinical presentation and factors associated with 'new loss/change of smell (anosmia) or taste (dysgeusia)' at admission in patients positive by real time polymerase chain reaction for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. All adult COVID‐19 patients with new onset anosmia or dysgeusia at admission were included in study group. Equal number of age and gender matched COVID‐19 patients without anosmia or dysgeusia at admission were included in the control group. A total of 261 COVID‐19 patients were admitted during the study period of which 55 (21%) had anosmia and or dysgeusia. The mean (SD) age was 36 (13) years and majority were males (58%, n = 32). Comorbidity was present in 38% of cases (n = 21). Anosmia and dysgeusia were noted in more than 1/5th of the cases. Anosmia (96%, n = 53) was more common than dysgeusia (75%, n = 41). Presence of both ansomia and dysgeusia was noted in 71% of patients (n = 39). On comparing the cases with the controls, on univariate analysis, fever (higher in cases), rhinitis (lower in cases), thrombocytopenia, elevated creatinine and bilirubin (all higher in cases) were significantly associated with anosmia or dysgeusia. On multivariate analysis, only rhinitis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.83; p = .02) thrombocytopenia (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–0.99; p = .01) and elevated creatinine (OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 1.5–37.6; p = .01) remained significant. In this retrospective study of COVID‐19 patients, we found anosmia and dysgeusia in more than 1/5th of the cases. Absence of rhinitis, low platelet counts and elevated creatinine were associated with anosmia or dysgeusia in these patients.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19伴或不伴失眠或消化不良：病例对照研究

自从2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行开始以来，已经出现了各种新的临床体征和症状，例如嗅觉功能障碍（失眠）和味觉功能障碍（消化不良）。这项研究的目的是确定通过实时聚合酶链反应对SARS-CoV-2感染呈阳性的患者入院时的临床表现和与'新的气味/嗅觉丧失/失眠或味觉改变'相关的因素。研究组包括所有入院时新发的失眠或消化不良的成年COVID-19成人患者。对照组包括相等数量的年龄和性别匹配的COVID-19入院时无失眠或消化不良的患者。在研究期间共收治261例COVID-19患者，其中55例（21％）患有嗅觉障碍和消化不良。平均（SD）年龄为36（13）岁，大多数为男性（58％，n  = 32）。38％的病例存在合并症（n  = 21）。在超过1/5的病例中发现了厌食和消化不良。厌食症（96％，n  = 53）比消化不良（75％，n  = 41）更常见。在71％的患者中出现了厌食和消化不良的现象（n  = 39）。在将病例与对照组进行比较时，单因素分析显示，发烧（病例较高），鼻炎（病例较低），血小板减少，肌酐和胆红素升高（病例均较高）与贫血或消化不良显着相关。在多变量分析中，仅鼻炎（几率[OR]：0.28； 95％置信区间[CI]：0.09-0.83；p = .02）血小板减少症（OR：0.99; 95％CI：0.99–0.99; p  = .01）和肌酐升高（OR：7.6; 95％CI：1.5–37.6; p  = .01）仍然很明显。在这项对COVID-19患者的回顾性研究中，我们发现有超过1/5的患者患有厌食症和消化不良。在这些患者中，无鼻炎，血小板计数低和肌酐升高与失眠或消化不良有关。