Auras are essential in preoperative evaluation and can provide valuable information for delineating seizure onset zones. Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is the second most common focal epilepsy, while a few studies have focused on auras in FLE. To better understand FLE, we analyzed the clinical characteristics, values, and limitations of auras in FLE. The incidence rate of aura in FLE was 37.9% in our study. We included 54 patients and 76 auras in 11 categories were reported. The rate of auras in the decreasing order are as follows: autonomic aura; emotional aura; somatosensory aura; psychic aura; cephalic aura; abdominal aura; whole-body sensory aura, visual aura; auditory aura; and vestibular and unclassified aura. A significant number of aura types can be reported by FLE patients; autonomic aura was the most frequent category and somatosensory auras are most likely associated with the contralateral motor areas.

中文翻译：

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难治性额叶癫痫的先兆：临床特征、价值和局限性

先兆在术前评估中是必不可少的，可以为描绘癫痫发作区提供有价值的信息。额叶癫痫 (FLE) 是第二常见的局灶性癫痫，而一些研究集中在 FLE 中的先兆。为了更好地了解 FLE，我们分析了 FLE 中先兆的临床特征、价值和局限性。在我们的研究中，FLE 的先兆发生率为 37.9%。我们纳入了 54 名患者，报告了 11 个类别的 76 个先兆。光环率从低到高依次为：自主光环；情感光环；体感光环；精神光环; 头部光环；腹部光环; 全身感觉光环、视觉光环；听觉光环；和前庭和未分类的光环。FLE 患者可以报告大量的先兆类型；