Due to its invisibility feature, pressure is useful to enhance the security of authentication, especially preventing the shoulder surfing attack. However, users are more familiar with digital passwords than pressure-based passwords. In order to improve the usability of pressure-based authentication, this paper instantiates a pressure-based password (i.e., a sequence of pressures) to a decimal number. In addition, our approach features personalized pressure detection. The personalization further enhances security since an attacker must have a pressure habit that is consistent with the user. We conducted a series of user studies to compare the traditional four-digit password with our pressure-based password. The empirical result indicates that a pressure-based password is more resistant to the shoulder surfing attack than a four-digit password. However, it takes more time to input a pressure-based password on the first-time usage. The slowdown is caused by a modality change from vision to pressure. A field study that lasted for 10 days revealed that the side effect of modality change can be overcome through regular usages.

由于其隐身功能，压力可用于增强身份验证的安全性，尤其是防止肩膀冲浪攻击。但是，用户比基于压力的密码更熟悉数字密码。为了提高基于压力的身份验证的可用性，本文将基于压力的密码（即压力序列）实例化为十进制数。此外，我们的方法还具有个性化的压力检测功能。由于攻击者必须具有与用户一致的压力习惯，因此个性化可以进一步提高安全性。我们进行了一系列用户研究，以比较传统的四位数密码和基于压力的密码。实验结果表明，基于压力的密码比四位数密码更能抵抗肩膀冲浪攻击。但是，首次使用时需要花费更多时间输入基于压力的密码。减速是由于从视觉到压力的模态变化引起的。历时10天的现场研究表明，可以通过定期使用来克服模态变化的副作用。