The emergence and continued reliance on the Internet and related technologies has resulted in the generation of large amounts of data that can be made available for analyses. However, humans do not possess the cognitive capabilities to understand such large amounts of data. Machine learning (ML) provides a mechanism for humans to process large amounts of data, gain insights about the behavior of the data, and make more informed decision based on the resulting analysis. ML has applications in various fields. This review focuses on some of the fields and applications such as education, healthcare, network security, banking and finance, and social media. Within these fields, there are multiple unique challenges that exist. However, ML can provide solutions to these challenges, as well as create further research opportunities. Accordingly, this work surveys some of the challenges facing the aforementioned fields and presents some of the previous literature works that tackled them. Moreover, it suggests several research opportunities that benefit from the use of ML to address these challenges.

中文翻译：

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面向智能系统的机器学习：应用、挑战和机遇

互联网和相关技术的出现和持续依赖导致产生了大量可用于分析的数据。然而，人类并不具备理解如此大量数据的认知能力。机器学习 (ML) 为人类提供了一种机制来处理大量数据，深入了解数据的行为，并根据结果分析做出更明智的决策。ML 在各个领域都有应用。本综述侧重于一些领域和应用，如教育、医疗保健、网络安全、银行和金融以及社交媒体。在这些领域中，存在多种独特的挑战。然而，机器学习可以为这些挑战提供解决方案，并创造进一步的研究机会。因此，这项工作调查了上述领域面临的一些挑战，并介绍了一些解决这些问题的先前文献作品。此外，它还提出了一些研究机会，这些机会可以从使用 ML 来解决这些挑战中受益。