This paper introduces “spatial effects” and “dynamic effects” to investigate the influences of economic growth and energy transition on cross‐country CO₂ emissions movements within the European Union (EU). We apply the fixed‐effects dynamic spatial Durbin error model to empirically gauge the magnitude of the spatial impacts and dynamic impacts for a sample of 26 EU countries throughout 1990–2015. By analyzing the empirical results, we conclude that: (1) Compared with dynamic spatial Durbin error model, the traditional dynamic panel model over‐estimates the parameters because traditional regression methods only capture the direct impacts, and neglect the indirect impacts. (2) A significant positive spatial spillover of CO₂ emissions from neighboring countries to the local country is recognized, justifying the use of our spatial model. (3) Economic growth has positive impacts on CO₂ emissions, while the spatial effects of economic growth exert negative impacts. Moreover, the total effects of economic growth are positive in both short‐term and long‐term. (4) Although the spatial effects of renewable energy are not significant, renewable energy has negative influences on CO₂ emissions. (5) The impacts and spatial effects of natural gas are positive; therefore, its total effects are positive in both short‐run and long‐run. Based on our finding, we provide several policy recommendations, such as the emphasize of cooperation with CO₂ reduction policies, the promotion of green economy and renewable energy, and the substitution of natural gas in the future.

中文翻译：

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能源转换和经济增长对欧盟二氧化碳排放的溢出和动态影响：动态空间面板模型

本文介绍“空间效应”和“动态效应”，以研究经济增长和能源转移对欧盟（EU）内跨国CO ₂排放运动的影响。我们应用固定效应动态空间杜宾误差模型，以经验方式评估了1990年至2015年整个欧盟26个国家/地区样本的空间影响和动态影响的幅度。通过对实证结果的分析，我们得出以下结论：（1）与动态空间杜宾误差模型相比，传统的动态面板模型高估了参数，因为传统的回归方法只能捕获直接影响，而忽略了间接影响。（2）CO _2的显着正空间溢出从邻国到本国的排放已得到认可，这证明了使用我们的空间模型的合理性。（3）经济增长对CO ₂排放有积极影响，而经济增长的空间影响则有负面影响。此外，经济增长的总体效果在短期和长期方面都是正的。（4）尽管可再生能源的空间影响不大，但可再生能源对CO ₂排放具有负面影响。（5）天然气的影响和空间影响是积极的；因此，无论短期还是长期，它的总影响都是积极的。根据我们的发现，我们提供了一些政策建议，例如强调与CO ₂合作 减排政策，促进绿色经济和可再生能源以及未来替代天然气。