Although the general public often thinks of schools as “gun‐free zones,” a growing number of U.S. colleges and universities recognize shooting sports organizations, enabling students to participate in rifle, pistol, shotgun, skeet, and trap sporting events. Building on recent scholarship that employs political opportunity and resource mobilization theories to analyze sports, we assess the roles that states’ political characteristics and schools’ resources play in the presence of student shooting sports organizations. Drawing on a comprehensive database of 1,953 four‐year colleges and universities in the United States, and employing logistic regression analyses, we show that Republican‐leaning states, schools with larger, mostly white, and majority men student bodies, and schools with Republican student organizations serve as conducive environments for shooting sports organizations. This article represents the most comprehensive study to date of shooting sports in U.S. schools and contributes to literatures on the sociology of guns, the sociology of sports, and social movements.

中文翻译：

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无枪区？美国大学的政治机会，资源动员和射击运动组织

尽管公众通常将学校视为“无枪区”，但越来越多的美国大学和大学认识到射击运动组织，使学生能够参加步枪，手枪，shot弹枪，飞碟飞镖和诱捕运动。基于利用政治机会和资源动员理论来分析体育运动的最新奖学金，我们评估了在学生射击体育组织在场的情况下，州的政治特征和学校资源所扮演的角色。利用美国1953个四年制高等学校的综合数据库，并进行逻辑回归分析，我们得出共和党倾向的州，拥有较大学生（大部分为白人且多数为男子）的学校，拥有共和党学生组织的学校为射击体育组织提供了有利的环境。本文代表了迄今为止美国学校对射击运动的最全面的研究，并为有关枪支社会学，运动社会学和社会运动的文献做出了贡献。