Women are increasingly the target of agricultural development programs aimed at reducing poverty and food insecurity, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Some feminist scholars argue that such efforts are driven more by concerns about the efficient use of resources than the rights of women and do little to transform gendered power relations. We examine how development interventions that target women affect household well‐being, especially food insecurity, empower women, and transform gendered power relations. Our study uses the case of the Gates Foundation funded East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) program in Uganda. Our methods include the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index survey and in‐depth interviews of women farmers and key informants, within the EADD program. We argue that the livestock sector provides critical insights into women's empowerment because livestock are not “socially neutral” in their gendered effects. Our study found that: (1) ownership of dairy cows enhanced important dimensions of women's empowerment and gender equity that benefited women and households; (2) women's labor responsibilities for dairy cows disempowered some women by increasing their time poverty and; (3) ownership of dairy cows provided a means for women to disrupt entrenched social norms related to gender roles within the household and agriculture.

中文翻译：

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乌干达奶牛畜牧业对粮食安全的干预：对增强妇女权能的影响是什么？*

妇女日益成为旨在减少贫困和粮食不安全的农业发展计划的目标，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲。一些女权主义学者认为，这种努力更多地是由于对资源的有效利用的关注而不是对妇女权利的关注，并且对于改变性别平等的权力关系没有多大作用。我们研究了针对妇女的发展干预措施如何影响家庭福祉，尤其是粮食不安全，赋予妇女权力并改变性别平等的权力关系。我们的研究以盖茨基金会在乌干达资助的东非乳业发展（EADD）计划为例。我们的方法包括EADD计划中的“增强妇女权能指数”调查以及对女性农民和关键知情者的深入访谈。我们认为，畜牧业对增强妇女权能提供了重要的见解，因为畜牧业在性别影响方面并非“社会中立”。我们的研究发现：（1）拥有奶牛增强了妇女赋权和性别平等的重要方面，使妇女和家庭受益。（2）妇女对奶牛的劳动职责通过增加她们的时间贫困使一些妇女失去了权力，并且；（3）拥有奶牛为妇女提供了一种手段，可以打破与家庭和农业中性别角色相关的根深蒂固的社会规范。奶牛的劳动职责通过增加她们的时间贫困使一些妇女失去了权力，并且；（3）拥有奶牛为妇女提供了一种手段，可以打破与家庭和农业中性别角色相关的根深蒂固的社会规范。奶牛的劳动职责通过增加她们的时间贫困使一些妇女失去了能力，并且；（3）拥有奶牛为妇女提供了一种手段，可以打破与家庭和农业中性别角色相关的根深蒂固的社会规范。