Promotion in science has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and various linguistic devices such as boosters, hypes, or positive words were used to promote research for publication purposes. The present study examined how researchers promote their work with linguistic devices such as positive and negative words and is probably the first one that investigates such promotional devices in not only abstracts but also full texts based on a large dataset of articles (more than 2.2 million). The results showed that the use of positive words in both the abstracts and full texts exhibited a significant uptrend in the past two decades, and positive words were more frequently used than negative ones in both abstracts and full texts. However, journal impact was found to be only very weakly correlated with the use of positive and negative words in both abstracts and full texts. The preference of promotional linguistic devices such as positive words may be explained by factors such as the increasingly competitive selection process of publication, the publication bias, the outcome reporting bias, and the universal positive bias. The study argues for a fair use of such promotional linguistic devices.

中文翻译：

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通过语言手段促进科学发展：对学术写作中的正面和负面词语进行大规模研究

近年来，科学的发展吸引了越来越多的关注，并且各种语言工具（例如助推器，炒作或正面词语）被用于促进研究的出版目的。本研究调查了研究人员如何使用诸如正面和负面词之类的语言工具促进其工作，并且可能是第一个基于大量文章数据集（超过220万）不仅对摘要而且对全文研究此类促进手段的研究。结果表明，在过去的二十年中，摘要和全文中肯定词的使用都呈现出显着的上升趋势，摘要和全文中肯定词的使用率均高于否定词。然而，发现期刊影响与摘要和全文中使用肯定和否定词的关联性非常弱。诸如积极词之类的促销语言设备的偏爱可以通过诸如竞争日益激烈的出版物选择过程，出版物偏见，结果报告偏见和普遍积极偏见等因素来解释。这项研究主张公平使用这种促销语言工具。