We propose a transactional model of risk and resilience and ambiguous loss as theoretical guides to understanding transnational fathering. We also examine the risk and buffering conditions associated with each temporal aspect of the migrant journey of transnational fathers beginning with the initial decision to leave their country of origin to their process of resettlement in a destination country. In addition, we examine the effects of the absence of transnational fathers from their family on the fathers themselves, their partners, and their children. We critically explore the buffering effects of communication at a distance as a strategy for reducing the risks associated with the migration experience of transnational fathers and examine the buffering role of substitute caregivers in the home country as a means of reducing the risk associated with the absence of fathers on children. New directions for future work in this area are noted.

中文翻译：

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跨国父亲：新的理论和概念挑战

我们提出了一个风险、弹性和模糊损失的交易模型，作为理解跨国父亲的理论指导。我们还研究了与跨国父亲移民旅程的每个时间方面相关的风险和缓冲条件，从最初决定离开他们的原籍国到他们在目的地国家重新安置的过程。此外，我们研究了跨国父亲不在他们的家庭中对父亲本人、他们的伴侣和他们的孩子的影响。我们批判性地探索了远距离交流的缓冲作用，作为降低与跨国父亲移民经历相关风险的策略，并检查替代照料者在母国的缓冲作用作为降低与缺乏父母移民相关风险的一种手段。父亲对孩子。指出了该领域未来工作的新方向。