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Impact of Occupational Licensing on Wages and Wage Inequality: Canadian Evidence 1998–2018
Journal of Labor Research ( IF 1.026 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s12122-020-09310-7
Tingting Zhang , Morley Gunderson

Based on Labour Force Survey data for Canada over the period 1998 to 2018, we find occupational licensing raised average real wages from 6.1% in 1998 to 13.8% by 2018, slightly less for propensity score matching estimates, suggesting the effect is somewhat lower after adjusting for unobservable factors that can affect pay. Unconditional quantile regressions indicate the licensing effects on wages are greater at the higher ends of the wage distribution, with those inequality enhancing effects becoming more pronounced over time. In contrast, the union wage premium declined steadily from 9.2% in 1998 to 5% in 2018, with a substantial premium at the bottom of the wage distribution but a steady decline at the top, becoming negative at higher parts of the wage distribution, with those equality enhancing effects becoming less pronounced over time. Overall, the estimates for Canada indicate that occupational licensing contributes to wage inequality, and the effect is increasing over time, while unions reduce overall wage inequality, but this equalizing effect is decreasing over time.

中文翻译:

职业许可对工资和工资不平等的影响:加拿大证据 1998-2018

根据加拿大 1998 年至 2018 年期间的劳动力调查数据,我们发现职业许可将平均实际工资从 1998 年的 6.1% 提高到 2018 年的 13.8%,对于倾向得分匹配估计值略低,表明调整后效果略低对于可能影响薪酬的不可观察因素。无条件分位数回归表明,在工资分布的较高端,许可对工资的影响更大,随着时间的推移,这些不平等加剧的影响变得更加明显。相比之下,工会工资溢价从 1998 年的 9.2% 稳步下降到 2018 年的 5%,在工资分布的底部有很大的溢价,但在顶部则稳步下降,在工资分布的较高部分变为负数,随着时间的推移,这些促进平等的效果变得不那么明显。
更新日期:2020-11-20
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