In the Arab world, the recognized children of elite men and slave women could adopt the status of their father, ignoring the slave origin of the mother, owing to a system of patrilineal transmission. This regime co-existed with negative stereotypes toward slaves and blackness, despite the very fact that—as this study of notable families in Tetouan between 1859 and 1956 demonstrates—skin color was not the determinant factor to form part of this group. Rather, it was based on the social definition of filiation, leading to legal disputes between family members to delineate the boundaries of kinship.

中文翻译：

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摩洛哥得土安的上层阶级中的奴隶妇女及其后裔（1859年至1956年）：在承认与冲突之间

在阿拉伯世界，由于父系制的传播，公认的精英男子和奴隶妇女的子女可以继承父亲的身份，而无视母亲的奴隶血统。尽管事实上这一事实与对奴隶和黑人的负面刻板印象并存，尽管事实如此（正如在1859年至1956年间对Tetouan著名家庭的研究所表明的那样），肤色并不是构成这一群体一部分的决定性因素。相反，它是基于对亲戚关系的社会定义，导致家庭成员之间的法律纠纷划定了亲属关系的界限。