Lone actor targeted violence is often the result of pathological fixations driven by extreme overvalued beliefs. An extreme overvalued belief is shared by others in a person’s cultural, religious, or subcultural group. The belief is often relished, amplified, and defended by the possessor of the belief and should be differentiated from a delusion or obsession. Over time, the belief grows more dominant, more refined, and more resistant to challenge. The individual has an intense emotional commitment to the belief and may carry out violent behavior in its service. The belief becomes increasingly binary, simplistic, and absolute. We discuss the phenomenology, historical origins and application of extreme overvalued belief which was derived from the seminal work of the 19^th century German neuropsychiatrist, Carl Wernicke. We discuss how delusions are different from extreme overvalued belief. Targeted violence motivated by political, religious, racial, sexual or other shared ideologies, and often fueled through online interaction are discussed and applied to well known cases, including Anders Breivik, the Unabomber, assassins such as John Wilkes Booth, Osama bin Laden, Incels, anti-LGBTQ, Sovereign Citizens, violent jihadists, and neo-Nazis. The DSM-5 models on cultural formulation and alternative personality disorder are presented here as important contributions to clearly understanding cases involving extreme overvalued beliefs.

单独针对演员的暴力行为通常是极端高估的信念所驱动的病理固定的结果。在一个人的文化，宗教或亚文化群体中，其他人也具有极端高估的信念。信念经常被信念的拥有者所津津乐道，扩大和捍卫，应该与妄想或痴迷区分开。随着时间的流逝，信念变得越来越占支配地位，变得更加精致，并且更能抵抗挑战。个人对信念有强烈的情感承诺，并可能在服务中进行暴力行为。信念变得越来越二元化，简单化和绝对化。我们讨论的现象，历史渊源和极端高估的信念应用程序，它是从19的开创性工作衍生^日世纪德国神经精神病学家卡尔·韦尼克（Carl Wernicke）。我们讨论妄想与极端高估的信念有何不同。讨论并讨论了由政治，宗教，种族，性或其他共同意识形态激发并经常通过在线互动助长的针对性暴力，并将其应用于众所周知的案件，包括安德斯·布雷维克，Unabomber，刺客，例如约翰·威尔克斯·布斯，刺客奥萨马·本·拉丹，因塞尔，反LGBTQ，主权公民，暴力圣战分子和新纳粹分子。本文介绍了关于文化表述和替代性人格障碍的DSM-5模型，为对清楚地理解涉及极端高估信念的案件做出了重要贡献。