Syrian juniper is an economically important species and in danger of extinction. For these reasons, the best seedling production methods of the species should be determined and its plantations should be established. The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of altitude and different pretreatment combinations of cold and warm stratifications, citric acid, shaking seeds in bottles with crushed glass, and different stimulating agents including Baikal EM1, Biohumus, Polystimulin A6 and K hormones (PS-A6 and PS-K) on seed germination of Syrian juniper. To conduct the study, the cones of the Syrian junipers were collected from three different altitudes (1000, 1200, and 1400 m a.s.l.) within the boundaries of Forest Management Directorate of Bozyazı, Mersin in Turkey. The seeds were subjected to three replicates per one treatment (altitude in interaction with pretreatment). There were 100 seeds per replicate. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of altitude, pretreatment, and their interaction on seedling emergence of Syrian juniper. Seeds from higher altitudes had higher germination rates in all pretreatments. The highest percent emergence (85%) was recorded in the combination consisting of shaking with crushed glass, both cold and warm stratification, and successive application of stimulators PS-A6 and PS-K. All the treatments with most germinating seeds encompassed shaking in crushed glass or soaking in citric acid, both warm and cold stratifications, and application of stimulating agents. The use of seeds from higher altitudes should be considered for seedling production of Syrian juniper due to their higher germination potential. Beyond altitudinal differences, specific pretreatments can rise germination potential more than twofold.

中文翻译：

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海拔和种子预处理对叙利亚杜松（Juniperus drupacea（Labill。）Ant。et Kotschy）幼苗出苗的影响

叙利亚杜松是一种重要的经济物种，濒临灭绝。由于这些原因，应该确定该物种的最佳幼苗生产方法，并建立其人工林。该研究的目的是检查海拔和冷，暖分层，柠檬酸，装有碎玻璃的瓶子中的种子摇晃以及不同刺激剂（包括贝加尔EM1，Biohumus，多刺激素A6和K激素）的不同预处理组合的影响。 -A6和PS-K）对叙利亚杜松种子发芽的影响。为了进行这项研究，从土耳其梅尔辛Bozyazı森林管理局的边界内的三个不同高度（海拔高度分别为1000、1200和1400 m）收集了叙利亚杜松的视锥细胞。每种处理对种子进行三次重复（与预处理相互作用的高度）。每个重复有100个种子。双向方差分析显示高度，预处理及其相互作用对叙利亚杜松幼苗出苗具有重大影响。在所有预处理中，高海拔地区的种子都有较高的发芽率。记录出现率最高（85％）的组合包括：用碎玻璃摇晃，冷和热分层以及相继使用刺激剂PS-A6和PS-K。用大多数发芽种子进行的所有处理都包括在碎玻璃中摇晃或在柠檬酸中浸泡，冷，热分层以及刺激剂的应用。由于叙利亚杜松的发芽潜力较高，因此应考虑使用更高海拔的种子进行叙利亚杜松的幼苗生产。除了高度差异外，特定的预处理方法还可将发芽潜力提高两倍以上。