The lung is one of several organs that can be affected by HTLV-1 mediated inflammation. Pulmonary inflammation associated with HTLV-1 infection involves the interstitium, airways and alveoli, resulting in several clinical entities including interstitial pneumonias, bronchiolitis and alveolitis, depending on which structures are most affected. Augmentation of the inflammatory effects of HTLV-1 infected lymphocytes by recruitment of other inflammatory cells in a positive feedback loop is likely to underlie the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 associated pulmonary disease, as has been proposed for HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. In contrast to the conclusions of early case series, HTLV-1 associated pulmonary disease can be associated with significant parenchymal damage, which may progress to bronchiectasis where this involves the airways. Based on our current understanding of HTLV-1 associated pulmonary disease, diagnostic criteria are proposed.

中文翻译：

---

人类 T 细胞白血病病毒 1 型相关肺部疾病：HTLV-1 感染一种未被充分认识的并发症的临床和病理特征

肺是可能受 HTLV-1 介导的炎症影响的几个器官之一。与 HTLV-1 感染相关的肺部炎症涉及间质、气道和肺泡，导致多种临床实体，包括间质性肺炎、细支气管炎和肺泡炎，具体取决于哪些结构受影响最大。HTLV-1 感染淋巴细胞的炎症作用通过在正反馈回路中募集其他炎症细胞而增强，这可能是 HTLV-1 相关肺部疾病发病机制的基础，正如已针对 HTLV-1 相关脊髓病提出的那样。与早期病例系列的结论相反，HTLV-1 相关肺部疾病可能与显着的实质损伤有关，这可能会发展为涉及气道的支气管扩张。