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Influence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained deficit irrigation
Biological Research ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00325-z
Somayeh Faghih , Zabihollah Zamani , Reza Fatahi , Mohammad Omidi

Apple is one of the oldest and most valuable fruits. Water restriction is one of the major problems in the production of this fruit in some planting areas. Effects of kaolin spray treatments were studied on two early apple cultivars of Golab and Shafi-Abadi under sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in Alborz province, Iran during 2017 and 2018. Irrigation treatments were 100%, 85%, and 70% ETc and kaolin application were concentrations of 0, 3 and 6% in 2017 and 0, 1.5 and 3% in 2018. Results showed that 85% ETc treatment compared to other irrigation treatments improved apple tree crown volume in 2017. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly reduced fruit weight in both years. Application with 6% kaolin resulted in 33.3% increase in apple fruit weight compared to non-kaolin treatment at 100% ETc irrigation in the first year. Severe deficit irrigation (70% ETc) significantly reduced apple fruit length in both years, but 6% kaolin increased fruit length in both apple cultivars in 2017. Severe deficit irrigation treatment increased the firmness of apple fruit compared to control and mild deficit irrigation (85% ETc) in the first year of experiment. There was no significant difference between irrigation treatments for apple fruit firmness in the second year of experiment. Kaolin treatments of 1.5% and 3% at full irrigation increased the soluble solids content of apple fruit by 36.6% and 44.1% in 2018, respectively. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly increased leaf proline content compared to control in both years. In the first year, kaolin treatments increased leaf proline but in the second year, leaf proline was not significant. Deficit irrigation treatment of 70% ETc and 6% kaolin had the highest amount of glycine betaine content, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in apple leaf in the first year of experiment. Severe deficit irrigation stress (70% ETc) increased the activity of nonenzymatic defense systems of apple trees. Kaolin as a drought stress reducing agent can be recommended in apple orchards of Golab and Shafi-Abadi cultivars as an effective and inexpensive method to improve tolerance to drought stress conditions.

中文翻译:

持续亏缺灌溉下高岭土施用对两个苹果品种最重要果实和叶片特性的影响

苹果是最古老,最有价值的水果之一。在某些种植区,水分限制是该果实生产中的主要问题之一。在2017年至2018年期间,对伊朗阿尔伯兹省的持续亏缺灌溉(SDI)下的Golab和Shafi-Abadi两个苹果早期品种进行了高岭土喷洒处理的影响研究。灌溉处理分别为100%,85%和70%ETc和高岭土施用量分别为2017年的0、3和6%以及2018年的0、1.5和3%。结果显示,与其他灌溉处理相比,ETc处理的百分比在2017年提高了苹果树冠的体积。2017年亏缺灌溉处理显着降低了果重两年。与在第一年进行100%ETc灌溉的非高岭土处理相比,施用6%高岭土可使苹果果实重量增加33.3%。严重赤字灌溉(70%ETc)在这两个年度中均显着减少了苹果的果实长度,但6%高岭土在2017年都增加了两个苹果品种的果实长度。与对照和轻度赤字灌溉相比,严重赤字灌溉的处理增加了苹果果实的硬度(85实验的第一年)。在第二年的实验中,灌溉处理对苹果果实的硬度没有显着差异。在2018年,高岭土在完全灌溉下的处理率为1.5%和3%,分别使苹果果实的可溶性固形物含量增加了36.6%和44.1%。与对照相比,亏缺灌溉处理显着增加了叶片脯氨酸的含量。在第一年,高岭土处理增加了叶片脯氨酸的含量,但是在第二年,叶片脯氨酸的含量并不显着。试验第一年,苹果叶片中甘氨酸甜菜碱含量,丙二醛和过氧化氢含量最高,分别为70%ETc和6%高岭土的亏缺灌溉处理。严重的缺水灌溉压力(ETc为70%)增加了苹果树非酶防御系统的活性。可以在Golab和Shafi-Abadi品种的苹果园中推荐使用高岭土作为干旱缓解剂,作为提高对干旱胁迫条件的耐受性的有效而廉价的方法。
更新日期:2021-01-07
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