Recently, cell-mediated immune response in malignant neoplasms has become the focus in immunotherapy against cancer. However, in leukemia, most studies on the cytotoxic potential of T cells have concentrated only on T cells that recognize peptide antigens (Ag) presented by polymorphic molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This ignores the great potential of unconventional T cell populations, which include gamma-delta T cells (γδ), natural killer T cells (NKT), and mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT). Collectively, these T cell populations can recognize lipid antigens, specially modified peptides and small molecule metabolites, in addition to having several other advantages, which can provide more effective applications in cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, these cell populations have been associated with a repertoire of anti- or protumor responses and play important roles in the dynamics of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, thus, encouraging the development of new investigations in the area. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the role of unconventional T cell populations in the antitumor immune response in leukemia and discusses why further studies on the immunotherapeutic potential of these cells are needed.

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翻译非常规 T 细胞及其在白血病抗肿瘤免疫中的作用

近年来，恶性肿瘤中细胞介导的免疫反应已成为抗癌免疫治疗的重点。然而，在白血病中，大多数关于 T 细胞细胞毒性潜力的研究仅集中在识别主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 的多态性分子呈递的肽抗原 (Ag) 的 T 细胞上。这忽略了非常规 T 细胞群的巨大潜力，其中包括 γ-δ T 细胞（γδ)、自然杀伤 T 细胞 (NKT) 和粘膜相关不变 T 细胞 (MAIT)。总的来说，这些T细胞群除了具有其他几个优点外，还可以识别脂质抗原、特殊修饰的肽和小分子代谢物，可以在癌症免疫治疗中提供更有效的应用。近年来，这些细胞群与一系列抗肿瘤或促肿瘤反应有关，并在实体瘤和血液系统恶性肿瘤的动力学中发挥重要作用，因此鼓励了该领域新研究的发展。本综述侧重于当前关于非常规 T 细胞群在白血病抗肿瘤免疫反应中的作用的知识，并讨论为什么需要进一步研究这些细胞的免疫治疗潜力。