Epilepsies are chronic neurological diseases that affect approximately 2% of the world population. In addition to being one of the most frequent neurological disorders, treatment for patients with epilepsy remains a challenge, because a proportion of patients do not respond to the antiseizure medications that are currently available. This results in a severe economic and social burden for patients, families, and the healthcare system. A characteristic common to all forms of epilepsy is the occurrence of epileptic seizures that are caused by abnormal neuronal discharges, leading to a clinical manifestation that is dependent on the affected brain region. It is generally accepted that an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition generates the synchronic electrical activity leading to seizures. However, it is still unclear how a normal neural circuit becomes susceptible to the generation of seizures or how epileptogenesis is induced. Herein, we review the results of recent proteomic studies applied to investigate the underlying mechanisms leading to epilepsies and how these findings may impact research and treatment for these disorders.

癫痫是一种慢性神经系统疾病，影响着世界大约 2% 的人口。除了作为最常见的神经系统疾病之一之外，癫痫患者的治疗仍然是一个挑战，因为一部分患者对目前可用的抗癫痫药物没有反应。这给患者、家庭和医疗保健系统带来了严重的经济和社会负担。所有形式癫痫症的共同特征是由异常神经元放电引起的癫痫发作，导致取决于受影响的大脑区域的临床表现。人们普遍认为，神经元兴奋和抑制之间的不平衡会产生导致癫痫发作的同步电活动。然而，目前尚不清楚正常的神经回路如何变得容易发生癫痫发作或如何诱导癫痫发生。在此，我们回顾了最近用于调查导致癫痫的潜在机制的蛋白质组学研究的结果，以及这些发现如何影响这些疾病的研究和治疗。