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The Viral Janus: Viruses as Aetiological Agents and Treatment Options in Colorectal Cancer
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.601573
Christopher J R Turkington 1 , Ambarish C Varadan 1 , Shea F Grenier 2 , Juris A Grasis 1
Affiliation  

In recent years, our understanding of the importance of microorganisms on and within our bodies has been revolutionized by the ability to characterize entire microbial communities. No more so is this true than in cases of disease. Community studies have revealed strong associations between microbial populations and disease states where such concomitance was previously absent from aetiology: including in cancers. The study of viruses, in particular, has benefited from the development of new community profiling techniques and we are now realising that their prominence within our physiology is nearly as broad as the diversity of the organisms themselves. Here, we examine the relationship between viruses and colorectal cancer (CRC), the leading cause of gastrointestinal cancer-related death worldwide. In CRC, viruses have been suggested to be involved in oncogenesis both directly, through infection of our cells, and indirectly, through modulating the composition of bacterial communities. Interestingly though, these characteristics have also led to their examination from another perspective—as options for treatment. Advances in our understanding of molecular and viral biology have caused many to look at viruses as potential modular biotherapeutics, where deleterious characteristics can be tamed and desirable characteristics exploited. In this article, we will explore both of these perspectives, covering how viral infections and involvement in microbiome dynamics may contribute to CRC, and examine ways in which viruses themselves could be harnessed to treat the very condition their contemporaries may have had a hand in creating.



中文翻译:

病毒Janus:病毒作为大肠癌的病因和治疗选择

近年来,我们通过表征整个微生物群落的能力,彻底改变了我们对微生物在体内和体内的重要性的认识。这比疾病情况更是如此。社区研究表明,微生物种群与疾病状态之间存在很强的联系,而以前病因学上还没有这种相似性:包括在癌症中。特别是对病毒的研究得益于新的社区配置技术的发展,我们现在意识到,它们在我们的生理学中的地位几乎与生物本身的多样性一样广泛。在这里,我们检查了病毒与大肠癌(CRC)之间的关系,大肠癌是全球胃肠道癌相关死亡的主要原因。在CRC中,已经表明,病毒直接通过感染我们的细胞而直接参与肿瘤发生,或者通过调节细菌群落的组成而间接参与肿瘤的发生。但是,有趣的是,这些特征也导致了他们从另一角度进行检查,作为治疗的选择。我们对分子生物学和病毒生物学的理解的进步已使许多人将病毒视为潜在的模块化生物疗法,其中可以驯服有害特性并利用所需特性。在本文中,我们将探讨这两种观点,涵盖病毒感染和微生物组动力学的参与如何可能导致CRC,并研究如何利用病毒本身来治疗其当代人可能造成的疾病。

更新日期:2021-01-07
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