Influenza is one of the major threats to public health. Current influenza vaccines cannot provide effective protection against drifted or shifted influenza strains. Researchers have considered two important strategies to develop novel influenza vaccines with improved immunogenicity and broader protective efficacy. One is applying fewer variable viral antigens, such as the haemagglutinin stalk domain. The other is including adjuvants in vaccine formulations. Adjuvants are promising and helpful boosters to promote more rapid and stronger immune responses with a dose-sparing effect. However, few adjuvants are currently licensed for human influenza vaccines, although many potential candidates are in different trials. While many advantages have been observed using adjuvants in influenza vaccine formulations, an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying viral infection and vaccination-induced immune responses will help to develop new adjuvant candidates. In this review, we summarize the works related to adjuvants in influenza vaccine research that have been used in our studies and other laboratories. The review will provide perspectives for the utilization of adjuvants in developing next-generation and universal influenza vaccines.

中文翻译：

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有前途的佐剂和流感疫苗开发平台

流感是对公共卫生的主要威胁之一。当前的流感疫苗不能提供针对漂移或转移的流感毒株的有效保护。研究人员已经考虑了两种重要的策略来开发具有改进的免疫原性和更广泛的保护功效的新型流感疫苗。一种是使用较少的可变病毒抗原，例如血凝素茎结构域。另一个包括疫苗制剂中的佐剂。佐剂是有前途的和有用的加强剂，可以促进更迅速和更强的免疫反应，并具有一定的节剂量作用。但是，尽管许多潜在的候选药物正在不同的试验中，但目前很少有佐剂被许可用于人类流感疫苗。虽然在流感疫苗制剂中使用佐剂已观察到许多优点，对病毒感染和疫苗诱导的免疫反应的潜在机制的更好理解将有助于开发新的佐剂候选物。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在我们的研究和其他实验室中使用的与流感疫苗研究中的佐剂相关的工作。该审查将为开发下一代和通用流感疫苗中佐剂的利用提供前景。