Schistosome infection is recognized as a potentially modifiable risk factor for HIV in women by the World Health Organization. Alterations in cervicovaginal bacteria have been associated with HIV acquisition and have not been studied in schistosome infection. We collected cervical swabs from Tanzanian women with and without S. mansoni and S. haematobium to determine effects on cervicovaginal microbiota. Infected women were treated, and follow-up swabs were collected after 3 months. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from swabs. We compared 39 women with S. mansoni with 52 uninfected controls, and 16 with S. haematobium with 27 controls. S. mansoni-infected women had increased abundance of Peptostreptococcus (p = 0.026) and presence of Prevotella timonesis (p = 0.048) compared to controls. High-intensity S. haematobium infection was associated with more diverse cervicovaginal bacterial communities than uninfected controls (p = 0.0159). High-intensity S. mansoni infection showed a similar trend (p = 0.154). At follow-up, we observed increased alpha diversity in S. mansoni (2.53 vs. 1.72, p = 0.022) and S. haematobium (2.05 vs. 1.12, p = 0.066) infection groups compared to controls. Modifications in cervicovaginal microbiota, particularly increased diversity and abundance of taxa associated with bacterial vaginosis and HIV (Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella), were associated with schistosome infection.

世界卫生组织认为血吸虫感染是女性感染 HIV 的一个潜在可改变的危险因素。宫颈阴道细菌的改变与 HIV 感染有关，但尚未在血吸虫感染中进行研究。我们从有和没有曼氏链球菌和埃及血吸虫的坦桑尼亚妇女那里收集了宫颈拭子，以确定对宫颈阴道微生物群的影响。受感染的妇女接受了治疗，并在 3 个月后收集了后续拭子。对从拭子中提取的 DNA 进行 16S rRNA 测序。我们将 39 名感染曼氏链球菌的女性与52 名未感染的对照组进行比较，将 16名感染埃及链球菌的女性与 27 名对照组进行比较。S. mansoni感染的女性增加了 与对照组相比，消化链球菌( p  = 0.026) 和普雷沃氏菌( p = 0.048) 的存在。与未感染的对照组相比，高强度埃及血吸虫感染与更多样化的宫颈阴道细菌群落相关（p  = 0.0159）。高强度曼氏链球菌感染表现出相似的趋势 ( p  = 0.154)。在后续行动中，我们观察到曼氏链霉菌（2.53 对 1.72，p  = 0.022）和埃及血吸虫（2.05 对 1.12，p = 0.066) 感染组与对照组相比。宫颈阴道微生物群的改变，特别是与细菌性阴道病和 HIV（消化链球菌、普雷沃氏菌）相关的分类群的多样性和丰度增加，与血吸虫感染有关。