ABSTRACT: Fjordic systems in temperate and Arctic regions often feature extensive kelp forests at their shallow coastal margins as well as extensive terrestrial forests. Detrital export from these shallow-water and terrestrial ecosystems is an important source of carbon for deep-sea communities in the form of kelp and wood falls. Benthic landers with experimental substrates (wood blocks and kelp parcels) were deployed for 10 mo at a depth of 530 m in a deep Norwegian fjord to investigate and compare macro- and megabenthic community structure, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning on kelp and wood falls. Results revealed that while wood and kelp falls can support a similar number of species and abundance of fauna, they support significantly different faunal communities. Biomass and secondary production on both wood and kelp substrates were significantly greater than in the control samples. Secondary production estimates were similar or higher than those reported from soft-sediment ecosystems at shallower European marine sites. Biological trait analysis showed that macrofaunal assemblages were distinct between the kelp and wood, providing evidence for differences in ecosystem function between the substrates. This case study from a deep-sea fjord in Norway provides clear evidence that while wood and kelp organic falls can support similar abundances of fauna, the associated benthic biodiversity, community structure and ecosystem functioning can be dramatically different between these substrates. The work presented here aims to provide information that is useful in assessing the extent of anthropogenic impacts on deep fjord ecosystems with respect to informing future conservation and management strategies.

中文翻译：

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海带和木材在挪威深海中的生物多样性，群落结构和生态系统功能

摘要：温带和北极地区的峡湾系统通常在浅海沿岸地区拥有大量的海带森林，以及广泛的陆地森林。这些浅水和陆地生态系统的有害出口是海带和木材掉落形式的深海社区碳的重要来源。在挪威深海峡湾中，在530 m的深度下，将具有实验底物（木块和海带包裹）的底栖登陆器部署10个月，以研究和比较海带和木材落下的大型和大型底栖生物群落结构，生物多样性和生态系统。结果表明，虽然木材和海带瀑布可以支持相似数量的物种和丰富的动物群，但它们却支持着截然不同的动物群落。木材和海带基质上的生物量和二次生产均显着高于对照样品。次生产量估算值与欧洲浅海海域软沉积物生态系统报告的估算值相似或更高。生物特征分析表明，海带和木材之间的大型动物组合是不同的，这为底物之间生态系统功能的差异提供了证据。这项来自挪威深海峡湾的案例研究提供了明确的证据，尽管木材和海带有机瀑布可以支持相似的动物群落，但这些底物之间相关的底栖生物多样性，群落结构和生态系统功能可能存在显着差异。