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Development and performance evaluation of a machine vision system and an integrated prototype for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards
Journal of Field Robotics ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 , DOI: 10.1002/rob.22013
Yaqoob Majeed 1, 2, 3 , Manoj Karkee 1, 2 , Qin Zhang 1, 2 , Longsheng Fu 1, 4 , Matthew D. Whiting 1, 5
Affiliation  

Green shoot thinning in vineyards is an essential, perennial operation for maintaining canopy health and optimizing yield and quality of wine grapes. Use of mechanized thinning system, which is essential to reduce labor dependency and associated cost, causes high variability in shoot removal efficiency due to difficulty in precisely positioning the thinning end-effector along cordon trajectories. Automated/robotic solution for precise positioning of the thinning end-effector could significantly improve the performance and efficiency of mechanical green shoot thinning. This study presents: (i) a machine vision-based cordon detection system that can estimate cordon trajectories at different shoot growth stages in a vineyard; and (ii) evaluation of an integrated green shoot thinning system capable of automatically positioning the thinning end-effector following vine cordon trajectories. The developed machine vision system uses deep learning-based techniques that could accurately estimate cordon trajectories with root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.3, 10.3, and 16.1 pixels for canopy images captured in 2–4 weeks of shoot growth, respectively. Then, a control strategy was presented for the integrated system, which receives the computed cordon trajectories from machine vision system to automatically position the thinning end-effector to cordon trajectories. Field evaluations in a research vineyard showed that the integrated system can achieve an RMSE of 1.47 cm in following the cordon trajectories at 6.6 cm·s−1 forward speed. Future work will incorporate additional sensing system to detect individual shoot on cordon and integrating it with an existing system to achieve higher level of precision in green shoot thinning.

中文翻译:

用于葡萄园自动疏苗的机器视觉系统和集成原型的开发和性能评估

葡萄园中的疏芽是保持树冠健康和优化酿酒葡萄产量和质量的一项必不可少的常年操作。使用机械化细化系统对于减少劳动力依赖和相关成本至关重要,由于难以沿着警戒线轨迹精确定位细化末端执行器,因此导致芽去除效率的高度可变性。用于精确定位细化末端执行器的自动化/机器人解决方案可以显着提高机械绿芽细化的性能和效率。本研究提出:(i) 一种基于机器视觉的警戒线检测系统,可以估计葡萄园不同枝条生长阶段的警戒线轨迹;(ii) 评估能够根据藤蔓警戒线轨迹自动定位变薄末端执行器的集成绿芽细化系统。开发的机器视觉系统使用基于深度学习的技术,可以准确估计警戒线轨迹,均方根误差 (RMSE) 分别为 7.3、10.3 和 16.1 像素,用于分别在 2-4 周的枝条生长中捕获的冠层图像。然后,提出了集成系统的控制策略,该系统从机器视觉系统接收计算的警戒线轨迹,以自动将细化末端执行器定位到警戒线轨迹。研究葡萄园的现场评估表明,该集成系统可以在 6.6 cm·s 的警戒线轨迹后实现 1.47 cm 的 RMSE 开发的机器视觉系统使用基于深度学习的技术,可以准确估计警戒线轨迹,均方根误差 (RMSE) 分别为 7.3、10.3 和 16.1 像素,用于分别在 2-4 周的枝条生长中捕获的冠层图像。然后,提出了集成系统的控制策略,该系统从机器视觉系统接收计算的警戒线轨迹,以自动将细化末端执行器定位到警戒线轨迹。研究葡萄园的现场评估表明,该集成系统可以在 6.6 cm·s 的警戒线轨迹后实现 1.47 cm 的 RMSE 开发的机器视觉系统使用基于深度学习的技术,可以准确估计警戒线轨迹,均方根误差 (RMSE) 分别为 7.3、10.3 和 16.1 像素,用于分别在 2-4 周的枝条生长中捕获的冠层图像。然后,提出了集成系统的控制策略,该系统从机器视觉系统接收计算的警戒线轨迹,以自动将细化末端执行器定位到警戒线轨迹。研究葡萄园的现场评估表明,该集成系统可以在 6.6 cm·s 的警戒线轨迹后实现 1.47 cm 的 RMSE 分别。然后,提出了集成系统的控制策略,该系统从机器视觉系统接收计算的警戒线轨迹,以自动将细化末端执行器定位到警戒线轨迹。研究葡萄园的现场评估表明,该集成系统可以在 6.6 cm·s 的警戒线轨迹后实现 1.47 cm 的 RMSE 分别。然后,提出了集成系统的控制策略,该系统从机器视觉系统接收计算的警戒线轨迹,以自动将细化末端执行器定位到警戒线轨迹。研究葡萄园的现场评估表明,该集成系统可以在 6.6 cm·s 的警戒线轨迹后实现 1.47 cm 的 RMSE−1前进速度。未来的工作将结合额外的传感系统来检测警戒线上的单个芽,并将其与现有系统集成,以实现更高水平的绿芽疏伐精度。
更新日期:2021-01-07
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